The Data Analysis And Application Of Green Space Retrofit In Healthy City Environment Design

Healthy urban environment design is one direction of the future development of Chinese cities.The aim is to construct a healthy urban environment,which will fit in with the public health standard,environment protection and the public needs.It was first raised as the“Utopia”urban planning method in Europe for the prevention of the spread of the infectious diseases among the public which are caused by the industrial revolution.After that,the construction of healthy cities has been confirmed by WHO as the development aim for cities throughout the world.In 1985,Professor Len Duhl from University of California,Berkeley and Professor Trevor Hancock from University of Victoria,Canada have advanced the embryonic form of the healthy city concept as well as 11 construction standards.In 1986,under WHO’s establishment plan for European healthy cities,the specific concept and construction standards have been confirmed,among which the citizen needs and the fair distribution of resources in healthy cities have been stressed specially.It has been emphasized that in urban planning,the rational use of land resources should be treated as the basis of the construction of healthy urban environment and the space atmosphere of nurturing healthy actions is to be founded.Therefore,in European countries,meeting the need of the aging population has been set as the core standard in founding a healthy city initially,which has been divided into two levels of physical environment indicator and psychological environment indicator.Different from European countries’healthy city development history,China’s constructions in Healthy City and Hygiene City develop in parallel.In the early stage,it was focused on the prevention of the public diseases.Owning to the impact of the environment pollution to the health of the citizens,the increasing quality of the living environment became the stress afterwards.Currently,due to that the building of healthy cities is lacking of the objective quantitative methods in China,neither the potential influential factors caused by the city problems are possible to be analyzed,nor can the model on the urban construction needs and environment resources distribution be established.Additionally,due to not having quantified the construction needs of the base,the environment designs focus too much on formal aesthetics.Thus,it naturally neglects the effective control to the negative influential elements,which ends up with the situation of wasting resources and separating the conceptual and practical facts.Therefore,it has been raised in the paper to include the data analysis method into the environment designs for the subjective quantization to the rational distribution of the present urban environment resources.Additionally,based on the different theories of model construction,the revised plan has been mentioned for the promotion of the building of the healthy urban environment.The paper is designed to macro-control and micro-improve the urban environment resources on the basis of the data analysis methods without changing the current urban land use.The paper has assorted the indicators of healthy city,healthy environment,different factors published by WHO,and construction guides as references to confirm the two basic indicators of healthy city construction,physical environment indicator and psychological environment indicator.The physical environment indicator is taking the environment quality as its reflection and psychological environment indicator is to be embodied through the inter-reaction between man and environment.Hence,with the technical support from UC Berkeley GIS Lab,to achieve the two indicators,this paper is taking the measurement of the air quality as the physical indicator case of a healthy city with redistributing the urban green space.Also,the public needs preference study is taken as the psychological indicator case with the residential community green space distribution.Based on different data analysis methods,and reintegrating urban green space resources to improve the uneven distribution of resources caused by subjective environment design,this paper is to solve the problem in cities effectively and testify the meaning of data analysis to the construction of healthy cities as the new environment design method.The paper proves that the effective urban environment resources distribution is the most optimal method of promoting healthy cities and nurturing urban citizen’s healthy behaviors.The first case study is based on the LUR model data analysis method.With redistributing the green land resources,the paper tends to bring targeted relief to the air pollution problems caused by the main traffic exhausted gas pollutant NO₂ in healthy city physical environment.The paper,with the help of E-cognition,has classified the land attributes in geographic information images with special resolution of 0.1m gathered from 23 air monitor sites within the range of 4 km×4 km in Tianjin.Via inputting the annual concentration value of NO₂ pollutant from 23 sites of 2015 in Tianjin and using Land Use Regression（LUR）model,the relevancy of land cover types and traffic pollutant NO₂ can be confirmed.It has been discovered that plants play an essential role in reducing air pollution（correlation coefficient r=0.5,p<0.01）,and the trunk road and secondary trunk road affect most in raising air pollutants（r=0.60,p<0.01）.By LUR,84%of the NO₂ concentration measured in the total variance can be explained.LUR model’s coefficient can determine the land cover remodeling strategy,calculate the influence of land cover types on the NO₂concentration,and thus reduce the air pollution caused by traffic.The result has also been proved through field investigations in the USA and Korea and the technique mentioned in the experiment can practically be achieved in reality.In the other experiment,given the construction of environment space model on the data analysis method and the redistribution of small scale green space to meet the elders’preference with the field investigations in USA,Korea and Shenzhen,Beijing,Hong Kong,Macau China as references,the problem of uneven public green space distribution led by not satisfying the needs preferred by urban senior citizens in psychological environment can be solved.The paper has gathered 1435 investigation samples of senior citizens over 60 from 12 regions through the whole nation.Via the analysis result of SPSS,it can be acknowledged that 98.4%of the senior citizens have the requirement of the green space and 68%of them take an active part in the activities happened on the green space with specific preferences like walk or chat.In fact,the centralization of space affects the space usage rate of the elders.Through the analysis result,the elders’individual features,behaviors,habits and needs,as well as the relations among the usages of environment space have been found.Combining the optimal model supplied by the real environment space and the elders’preference model of environment space built on the green space analysis result corresponding to the activity preference,the urban green space can be distributed properly.The two experiment results in this paper have presented that through the targeted land type replacement,distribution of urban green space,green land form construction,the modification of green resource distribution and the proper distribution of green space,the requirement can be effectively met in decreasing urban air pollution concentration,promoting urban green land usage,increasing the effectiveness of the application of green space gathering,as well as promoting the healthy actions of the citizens.Through experimental example results,it can be tested that the data analysis method can be effectively applied in the construction of the healthy urban environment.Via adjusting the structure rate between public needs and rational usage of land,the construction standard of physical healthy environment and psychological healthy environment of a healthy city can be met.Additionally,as the new design method of the environment,the research results can provide the city builders and the decision makers objective references to promote the construction of the healthy urban environment.