Research On Meizhou Traditional Wooden Architecture In Ming-qing Dynasties

Located in the eastern part of Lingnan,Meizhou is a settlement of Hakka people.The unique Hakka immigration culture in Meizhou makes its architectural characteristics significantly different from the traditional buildings in Lingnan and Guangfu,while Xingning,Meixian,and Dapu are three cultural representative places of traditional wooden architecture in Meizhou.Existing traditional Meizhou wooden structures include public buildings and residential buildings.According to the characteristics of wooden frames,they can be divided into temple-type buildings and hall-type buildings.The framework exists in Meizhou’s temple-style wooden structure and hall-type wooden structure at the same time,which is the research focus of this article.The purpose of this article is to study Meizhou’s traditional wooden buildings and their large wooden frames.Based on a large number of field investigations and scientific analysis,the methods of building typology,systematic analysis,and comparative research are used to sort out and analyze their types,characteristics,and distribution.Through the analysis of Meizhou’s traditional wooden frame types,shapes,scales,proportions,and skills,it reveals the shape,construction law,era style,technical origin and genealogical characteristics of Meizhou’s large wooden frame.First,the shape of Meizhou’s traditional wooden architecture is studied.Architectural and cultural zoning of Meizhou from the perspective of wooden architecture.Under the framework of Jiaying Cultural Core Area and Dapu Fengshun Cultural Edge Area,it can be subdivided into Xingning Cultural Area,Meixian Cultural Area,and Dapu Cultural district.This paper analyzes the types and composition characteristics of the residential buildings in Meizhou’s wooden buildings,and sorts out their architectural shapes.Secondly,the types and distribution of Meizhou’s traditional wooden frames are studied.From the perspective of the study of the local building system,referring to the classification standards of the ancient Chinese architecture framework system,an attempt was made to compare and analyze the functional properties,architectural grades,load-bearing systems,inter-frame methods,and column-beam shelf forms of Meizhou’s large wooden frames to determine the Meizhou palace style Architecture and hall-type building types,and proposed the concept of small plug-in frame and small column beam structure.From the perspective of shelving methods,the characteristics of space-time distribution of penetrating,tung-pillar,shelving,stacked bucket,and tung-pillar shelving in the Meizhou small beam-column structure are sorted out.Thirdly,the construction characteristics and construction scale of Meizhou traditional wooden frame are analyzed and researched.Starting from large wooden components and structural methods,this paper analyzes the pattern types,distribution characteristics,and development sources of column beams,tung pillars,buckets,walls,and wooden decorations,and summarizes their age characteristics,regional characteristics,and pedigree relationships.Starting from historical documents,surveying and mapping data,framework form,and interview information of craftsmen,the plane shape,framework features,construction rules,scale features,era style,pedigree features,and design craftsmanship of Meizhou’s traditional wooden framework are explored.The full text is composed of six chapters.The first chapter introduces the research object,time and region category,background,meaning and research methods.The second chapter describes the formation process of the Hakka family in Meizhou,focusing on the analysis of Hakka people’s entry into Meizhou and Meizhou.Migration route,and architectural cultural characteristics formed in the context of migrating culture;Chapter III carries out cultural divisions of Meizhou traditional wooden buildings from a macro perspective,and analyzes the architectural shape and composition characteristics of each cultural area separately;Chapter IV deals with Meizhou The traditional wooden frame features and partition methods are divided in time and space.Chapter 5 starts from the typical Meizhou large wooden components and construction methods-column,beam,tung,bucket,wall,and wooden decoration.Form,pattern,proportion,scale,regional distribution,and epochal characteristics are analyzed,and the age style and regional characteristics of Meizhou’s large wooden components are summarized,which provides a theoretical basis for Meizhou’s traditional wooden architecture framework.The sixth chapter analyzes and researches Meizhou’s large wooden frame from the aspects of plane shape,frame characteristics,scale rule,case analysis,design craftsman,etc.,and explores the scale characteristics,design rules,and genealogical characteristics of Meizhou’s traditional large wooden frame.