Study On The Landscape Value Analysis And Planning And Design Of Archaeological Sites

Cultural ruins are the witness of traces of human life from generation to generation and the crystallization of labor wisdom in various historical periods.People's understanding of traditional culture and the inheritance of spiritual civilization are the driving forces for social development.Serving as a link between the ancient and the present,the site has contributed a lot.China is an ancient country with a splendid history of 5,000 years,and it is rich in cultural heritage.Among the 2,351 state-level cultural relics protection units announced,there are 710 sites belonging to ruins and tombs,accounting for about one-third of the total.It shows that cultural ruins are an important part of cultural heritage.In the middle of the20 th century,China's economy is highly developed and its population has increased dramatically.The urbanization process has grown significantly,and the urban and rural environments have changed substantially.The ancient ruins as unmovable cultural relics have suffered unprecedented impacts on their living space.The proposal of the concept“great sites” and the establishment of a new mode of protection,that is,building the national archeological parks with the dual functions to protect and excavate the ruins,and to work as places for display and leisure,mark that the protection of ancient ruins have entered the "landscape era".However,the traditional cultural relics protection planning based on value analysis of cultural relics ontology,neglects the environmental value and fails to cater to the pace of the times,and causes some problems with the site's core landscape planning: Firstly,the dual functions of the design object are not clear.The ancient ruins are both the object of the preservation of cultural relics and the public spectacle for public entertainment.The two social functions must be achieved at the same time,and any kind of traditional planning and design methods do not well meet the Functional requirement;the second is the ruins parks or archaeological sites parks view the outdoor environment landscape as another form of indoor display,focusing only on its display function and ignoring other functions,thus reducing the value of landscape design and not fully demonstrating the value of the landscape of the site.In this paper,the design concept and method of 22 archaeological sites are analyzed,and a way is found to solve the problem with a value analysis.This paper first clarifies the landscape concept of archeological sites that makes the site and its environment as a whole,and takes the national archaeological park which is an important part of its scope as the research object.Using logical deduction and comparative analysis method,the paper sums up the landscape value system of ruins from the single ruin value in the past,and the conceptof archeological site landscape planning and design: from a neutral perspective to express the landscape elements,the viewer can not only objectively and truly interpret the design ideas contained in the elements,but also experience the cultural connotation of the ruins in a truly natural state;the method of landscape planning is to integrate semiotics,behavioral pattern,classical garden planning and prototyping,to extract cultural information of the site,correspond to cultural symbols,and establish the relationship chain between landscape and site: cultural information--cultural symbol--landscape display,and the carrier of landscape function is the protective building,plant,road,facilities and other landscape elements and open public space.After the completion of the archaeological site,the evaluation of the operation is insufficient,and the feedback on the improvement of the planning and design is very few,and the similar problems are easy to appear repeatedly.Facing the prominent problems,this paper chooses a reasonable method,combines literature research with field research,and applies logical deduction comprehensive analysis method to reinterpret the value of archaeological sites from the brand-new perspective of landscape.The main conclusions include:In the aspect of theoretical research,it establishes the archaeological landscape value system from the traditional cultural relics ontology as the center of the historical value,scientific value and artistic value of conversion is deduced for the formation of the ruins landscape natural value,cultural value,aesthetic value and social value,so as to establish the archaeological landscape value system.Through the analysis of the value of landscape,three research achievements have been obtained by the analysis of value as the center:(1)the new definition of archaeological landscape based on the concept,summing up the concept of landscape planning and design of archaeological sites,which is the core value of the protection and inheritance of the site as the center of thought.We should be aware that the current archaeological landscape is a process variable,rather than the final model to maximize the use of modern society and knowledge the technology to protect the site for the inheritance of the ages to come service.It should be in line with the background of the current social era,and take the green space as the carrier to protect the minimal influence of the status and nature of the ancient cultural sites excavated,and reserve it for the future generations to continue archaeological research and improve the site and environment conditions of the site.Therefore,we must insist on principles like: the priority of protection,minimum intervention,reversibility of the environment,the consistency in display,and sustainability,to create a special historical and cultural atmosphere of the place,to display both the cultural connotation and extensive value of the archaeological site,to make it acollection of leisure and recreation,and to contain archaeological research and education in one of the ruins landscape.(2)under the guidance of the new concept,the model of landscape planning and design suitable for archaeological sites is set up,and the design team system and the design process are rebuilt.(3)according to the site with different cultural and environmental conditions,starting from the analysis of archaeological landscape value analysis,the paper integrates the leading symbol design method and behavior-modeoriented design method,with the rest of prototype method,narrative method and classical garden style method.On the empirical research level,the paper takes Jinsha Archaeological Park landscape design as an example,to analyze the mode and method of planning simulation based on the existing research results and finds out the following though comparison: ideas,models and methods of this paper can be the core value of the protection and inheritance of archaeological sites,and they help the parks to better perform the social responsibility of public functions in the present situation.And the problems in the expression of landscape elements of public space and social functions.In view of the above shortcomings,we should design and evaluate the inspection methods according to local conditions.We will make an investigation on the two aspects of landscape elements expression,cultural connotation effect and detention space utilization rate respectively.Among them,(1)for each element verification of Jinsha site landscape effect,by using the method of investigation and quantitative expert scoring method and SPSS statistical data,the expression of landscape elements are consistent with the theoretical research level,but the effects are different,such as plant on the site of cultural understanding interference is the lowest,but the highest co scheduling environment.Recognition is the lowest.The coordination degree of the building environment is the lowest,and the interference degree is also the strongest.The cultural images expressed by the landscaping facilities are the most recognizable and most impressive to the visitors.The road is the most obvious contribution factor;(2)to analyze the ruins park public space utilization situation,the paper carries on the experiment,using the method of questionnaire survey results which showed that: while the open space utilization rate is low,Jinsha Ruins Park's open space becomes an important place for the elderly and children living in the local,and the most important behavior is care and play etc..Based on these findings,we summarize the experiences and lessons of Jinsha Archaeological Park,and summarize the corresponding suggestions,so as to propose the planning and design concept for the construction of the treasure pier Archaeological Park.The research object is transformed from the ancient ruins into the ancient ruinslandscape,which is the result of the development of the times and does not shift from the individual will.There is still a long way to go in order to protect and promote the traditional culture,and respect the essential features of the ruins for landscape planning.