Research On Top Daylighting Design Of Classrooms In Primary And Secondary Schools In Guangdong Based On Visual Health

In recent years,the serious myopia problem of Chinese teenagers has aroused the attention in the community.According to the World Health Organization's latest study,the number of myopic patients in China now reached 600 million,ranking first in the world.Primary and secondary school students are the future successors of our country,their health is not only related to their own family but also associated with the development of the country.In China,for primary and secondary school students,around 80 percent of their time in school is spent indoors.The light environment in the classroom is of special significance for teenagers in the critical period of vision development.According to the research of modern clinical medicine,the Short-wavelength blue light in the sun can promote the development of eyeball,and the lack of natural illumination may be the inducement of high myopia.A good natural light environment can help improve learning efficiency,reduce visual fatigue.Conversely,an adverse indoor light environment will cause visual and physical diseases.In view of the severe myopia problem of the youth,in August 2018,eight departments,such as the Ministry of Education and the National Health and Health Commission,issued the“Comprehensive prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents",which called for improving the visual environment of school classrooms.Therefore,this paper studies the classroom daylighting design in primary and secondary schools,hoping to provide some useful references for architects and related personnel.First of all,this paper investigates the current situation of lighting in the classrooms of the domestic schools.In 2015,15 classrooms in three key secondary schools in Guangzhou were conducted the on-site investigation and the indoor illumination was measured.The questionnaires were also filled out by the students.A one-year track-and-control survey of the daylight classroom and the regular classroom in Guangdong province was conducted from 2015 to 2014,and questionnaires were conducted among students in the classrooms.A total of 3,685 effective questionnaires were collected in two surveys.Taking into account the survey results and domestic existing research,it is found that the main problem of lighting environment in China's current primary and secondary schools is:the phenomenon of uneven indoor in the school classrooms is serious.The contrast of light and dark is strong between the area near the window area and the one in the middle of the classroom.The glare phenomenon tends to happen indoors.The architect caught in the misled design pursuit of "large window opening" in the classroom design,as well as the "large side window" inherent way of design,without paying enough attention to the school building lighting design.The school lighting design standards of the relevant lighting evaluation indicators are relatively single so that the attention of the architects to the quality of light is insufficient.The survey shows that the students prefer the light environment with abundant natural light and uniform classroom lighting.Therefore,increase the amount of natural light in the classroom,change the phenomenon of uneven natural illumination in the classroom,break through the daylighting design limitation of the side windows,should be the focus of lighting design in school classrooms.In the following chapter three of the article,more research has done on the school building lighting standard system.This paper reviews the development of Chinese School building daylighting design standard since the 1960s and conducts the in-depth studies in the characteristics of daylighting standards of the different periods in our country and the change of lighting requirement in the classroom.I also conducted the detailed research and summed up the characteristics of the school lighting Design Guide document in the British and American National Building lighting standard system in the past 20 years.Compared with China's "prescriptive" daylighting standard,the guide documents in Anglo-American countries provide more specific methods and suggestions for school lighting design,which lays a theoretical foundation for the study of school lighting design in China.The fourth chapter of this paper has carried on the field visit and the thorough research to the representative school daylighting design cases abroad.The analysis and interpretation of the daylighting design method provide practical experience and new ideas for Chinese architects to design the school lighting.In the fifth chapter,based on the study of daylighting guide documents and daylighting design cases in the foreign schools,the paper summarizes the detailed strategies of daylighting design in school classrooms which can make full use of natural light.In order to get adequate and uniform natural light in the space of the school.First,the architect should consider the natural daylighting at the school conceptual design stage.Secondly,in the schematic design phase,architects should fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of various daylighting methods and choose the appropriate lighting design.Finally,in the detailed design phase,the details of the lighting design need to be further optimized.Finally,in the sixth chapter,focusing on the present situation of the daylighting in domestic primary and secondary school classrooms,three suggestions for the development of the future China's school buildings daylighting design are proposed,from the operational and innovative point of view.First,China's daylighting design standards for schools should be more emphasis on natural lighting evaluation indicators and increase dynamic daylighting indicators.The policy is to ensure that the school can have a good natural light environment.Second,in the construction of the new School building project,architects need to break through the current side window lighting design method,and they should not be confined to the "large side window" design,nor should blindly pursue large window openings.Instead,they should consider the actual situation of the site and choose the appropriate daylighting design.Thirdly,we also need to transform the classrooms which are not ideal in terms of the natural light environment,and finally create a good,comfortable and healthy natural light environment for our teenagers.