Space Optimization Of Villages And Towns In Heilongjiang Under The Ecological Service Measure

In China,the urbanization is experiencing a critical period.On one hand,the rapid development of urban expansion and construction highlights the environmental and social problems while gaining great economic effects,which has led to thinking and reflection of many levels.The publishing of a series of development policies and strategies for new urbanization symbolizes the new development direction of China's urbanization in the future,as well as the transformation of development concept and development mode of towns.On the other hand,as the other pole of urbanization,rural areas(village and towns)are also faced with the choices of profound changes and development,issues such as “food security”“ecological security”“beautiful countryside”“homesickness”“migrant workers”etc.all reflect that the “three rural issues” is not only the primary problem in the process of urbanization,but also the core problem related to the foundation of China's development.Based on the background of spatial development of villages and towns and international experience,taking the ecological service measure as the breakthrough point and focusing on the spatial perspective,this paper establishes an analytical framework of villages and towns space under the perspective of ecological service,discusses the ecological service attributes and compositions of the natural ecological space of villages and towns,the production space of agriculture,forest and animal husbandry,and the living space of human beings,and further carries out space research on villages and towns regions in Heilongjiang from the research paradigm of “macroscopic cognition-value review-system evaluation-optimization strategy”.“Macroscopic cognition”——The status,ecological foundation and demand for service value promotion of village and town space system in Heilongjiang provides strategic guidance for the direction and goal of spatial structure and layout optimization of villages and towns.Guided by the national macroscopic background and policy,this paper draws lessons from relevant research results at home and abroad,adopts the combination of field investigation and literature research,forms a macroscopic recognition and basic understanding for the development and construction status of villages and towns in Heilongjiang from the level of population and resources,industrial development,space system,ecological pattern etc.,points out the dilemma and crux of the contradiction in the development and construction of villages and towns currently,and further combines with national policy orientation,regional planning and construction requirements,demand of local residents to put forward a multi-level target system for the development of village and town space based on value promotion.“Value review”——The construction of the value model of “ecological-production-living” function in villages and towns under the ecological service measure provides a quantitative method and standard platform for the analysis and comparison of village and town space.Based on the perspective of “ecological service”,this paper analyzes the value composition of village and town space from the perspective of human well-being and demand,constructs the spatial function index system of “ecological-production-living” in villages and towns,applies the “unit area value equivalent factor method” and “unit service function value method” to construct basic model,revises from standardization equivalent value,equivalent factor,functional heterogeneity coefficient,economic and social coefficient,resource scarcity coefficient and multiple dimensions,constructs the dynamic model of the value measure of the village and town space in Heilongjiang,and puts forward the model test standard,so as to adapt to the needs of research on the value measure of village and town regions in Heilongjiang.“System evaluation”——The analysis for the “ecological-production-living” function and its system characteristics in the villages and towns of Heilongjiang builds an analysis and interpretation framework for putting forward the strategy of spatial structure and layout optimization in villages and towns.First,from the perspective of “spatial integration”,the evaluation model of the space utilization quality is built,the utilization quality level and gradient change of unit ecosystem,production,living space and comprehensive space in each county(city)is analyzed,the quantitative structure and spatial structure of the ecological,production and living functional values of villages and towns is interpreted by combining with geographical areas.Second,from the perspective of “regional difference”,the evaluation model of spatial equilibrium is built,the intensity,type,major sources(interregional or regional)and contribution rates of spatial differences of unit ecosystem,production,living and comprehensive spatial values in each county(city)is analyzed.Third,from the perspective of “functional coordination”,evaluation model of coupling coordination degree is built,the level of coupling coordination degree of space system(ecological-production-living system)in unit village and town of each county(city)is analyzed by combining with comprehensive development level of villages and towns,and the key impact of its development lag is analyzed.Fourth,from the perspective of “classification guidance”,the evaluation model of the space function of villages and towns is built,and the dominant functional types and characteristics are analyzed in each county(city)unit based on the space quality level,difference level and the level of coordination degree.“Optimization strategy”——The construction of goal,way,and guarantee system of space optimization in villages and towns of Heilongjiang.Based on the first three parts,the discussion is extended to focus on the core contradictions highlighted by the evaluation results and establish the strategic objectives for value promotion that match it.Accordingly,the spatial optimization research paradigm of “strategy integration-system construction-region zoning-construction guidance” is built.On the one hand,the integration approach of urban and rural space planning from 3 aspects of “subject-method-process” is put forward from macroscopic dimension;on the other hand,the integration approach of space planning of villages and towns from 3 aspects of “subject-method-process” is put forward from microcosmic and medium dimension.And then,the planning technology system for value promotion is constructed from the database construction and application,analysis and evaluation of green resources,technological application of green special research,compilation planning and expression,and the guarantee system for supporting the implementation is put forward from aspects of public policy overall-planning,management mechanism innovation,evaluation system optimization and public participation improvement.Facing to the development and transformation problems of village and town space in special period of development,this paper makes it clear that the promotion of its value is an important premise and fundamental requirement for balancing urban and rural development,new urbanization and new countryside construction,which contains strategic significance,good prospect,policy and technology,space environment and form of multiple level,while regional research for villages and towns at a wide scale will help to achieve this goal.Based on this understanding,this paper carries out research on the spatial structure and layout of villages and towns in Heilongjiang,in the hope of completing the expansion of the village and town space system and its technical methods at theoretical level,which improves the quality and level of planning compilation of villages and towns;and strengthening the scientificity and timeliness of planning and construction of village and towns at practical level,which promotes the experimental work of rural construction and planning and village planning in the county(city)region of Heilongjiang.