Study On The Influential Factors And Eco-compensation Of Desert Shrub Biomass Power In China

Sandy land ecosystem is an important component of terrestrial ecosystems,which plays a significant role in sustaining the health and safety of global ecosystem.At present,the situation of land desertification in China is very serious because of long-term overgrazing,denudation,estrepement and misuse in vast sand area.It is a serious threat to production and living of local people and sustainable development of rural economy.Establishing bioenergy forest bases in treatable desertified land and using desert shrub after stump for biomass power generation is one of the most important sand industry,which can provide clean energy and promote employment and control the desertification sand,with good social,economic and ecological benefits.But all the desert shrub biomass power plant have been crippled by losses or little profit,which are quite different from what current domestic theorists analysed and the industry expected.Based on eco-economy principles and the theory of sustainable development,firsr of all,this aticle summarized the development foundation,current situation and comparative advantages.Secondly,main influence factors and its effect are analyzed,while the structure and hierarchical relationship of the factors are clarified.Thirdly,the economic profits,social profits and ecological profits of desert shrub biomass power generation are assessed with method of quantitative calculation and qualitative analysis combined together.Then,it studies the environmental extemality throughout the lifecycle of biomass power generation and ecological compensation theoretically.Based on this,an eco-compensation standard of desert shrub biomass power generation is given.Major conclusions of this research are summarized as follows.(1)There is a good foundation for development of desert shrub biomass power generation in China.In terms of resources,it shows a great potential that there will be 2.12?2.83 trillion tons of desert shrub biomass which can be collected actually after all the sandy land are controlled.From the technology aspect,most of equipments of brush-cutting are domestic and stubble is technically feasible.In addition,biomass power generation technology is relatively mature now.And,there is a series of development planning and favorable policies of biomass power generation industry in China while the policy system will be futher improved.(2)Based on the research of development process,project charateristics,economic and social benefits of Inner Mongolia Maowusu Biomass Thermoeledtric Company,it shows that all the desert shrub biomass power plant have been crippled by losses or little profit.The main causes include lack of raw material for power generation,higher cost and the imperfection of biomass energy policy especially the subsidy mechanism.(3)Desert shrub biomass power generation programme involves in multiple industries and technologies such as energy,forestry,conservation of water and soil.It has various social benefits.The result of comprehensive evaluation on social benefits with analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method shows,the grade of impact on ecological environment,social economy and social environment is "good",policy compatibility is "better" and the total social benefit is "good".Desert shrub biomass power generation uses large-scale biomass for "green" electricity.Compared with crop straw power generation,it uses land and biomass resources more intensively.Besides it can provide energy,it is more environmentally friendly than making paper,plywood and particle board with desert shrub branches.(4)The influence factors of desert shrub biomass power generation in China cover social idea,government policy-making,technology and management,resources and environment,market supply and demand,and so on.This article selects 14 main influence factors to analysis with the interpretative structural model.The results show those factors can be divided into 5 layors,resource endowment and economic policy are direct influence factors,biomass power generation costs and technology?investment and financing are mid-level factors.besides,deep roots are perceptions and development program of biomass energy?ecological restoration of desert.(5)Two kinds of externalities have been produced in desert shrub biomass power generation instead of coal power generation.The one is resource externality of unit power resource consumption savings in the process of power plant construction,raw material acquisition,transportation and power generation,the other is environmental externality which includes the ecological value of desert shrub in energy base is accounted primarily in wind-breaking,sand-fixing,soil conservation and emission reduction of pollutants in the whole life-cycle in power-generation stage such as CO2?NOx?CO?SO2.The data show that shrub-cutting process consumes more energy,pollutant emission and the project has a positive role and significance in the greenhouse gas emission reduction.(6)Establishing desert ecological compensation mechanism may internalize the environment externality of desert shrub biomass power generation.A replication dynamic model in evolutionary game theory is constructed to investigate the potential factors which influence stakeholder s' behavior,it shows that it is necessary to establish desert ecological mechanism,and it's very important to determine the amount of ecological compensation reasonably.In order to ensure desert sustainable development,an important means is compensating enterprise and individual who engaged in sand control with enlarging the policy support,capital subsidy,tax incentives,and so on.The establishment of eco-compensation standard of desert shrub biomass power generation must follow the principle of fairness and dynamic.It mainly includes four parts:the value of ecosystem services in the process of energy forest construction,the opportunity cost of farmers and herdsmen to participate in the construction of the energy forest,actual cost of farmers and power generation enterprises and the resource and environmental externality of power enterprise in the process of generating electricity.It must be given reasonable and dynamic compensations with actual data of ecological value increment,direct cost,resource consumption and pollutant emission reduction every year.