| Transportation planning is challenging and crucial everywhere in the world;it serves the area economically,socially,and improves the quality of life.Urbanization,with its concurrent rapid growth,poses tremendous challenges while expanding income gaps,worsening pollution,higher dependency on motorization,ageing buildings and bridges are all clear signs that today’s cities struggle to live up to city dwellers’ growing aspirations of a sustainable,prosperous future.The cities have become the world’s major growth engine,engendering over 80%of the global GDP,while unbalanced growth of urban economics and migration of rural populations to cities are continuously rising in megacities including Beijing,China.The urbanization attracts many people across China,and Beijing is one of them.The city with a population of 22 million,where 14 million people with vehicles,offers diverse employment opportunities,better infrastructure,quality education,hospital care,modern transportation services.Beijing city is suffering from problems such as congestion,emission,traffic delays,higher travel time,higher travel demand,higher dependency on private vehicles.The city already reached its intolerable level,to reduce the overspill of the rising population of Beijing,the city administration decides to plan a new satellite city called Xiongan.The new satellite city will play the role of auxiliary capital,while in 2030 the satellite town will work as a living capital,while Beijing as working capital.The doctoral study focuses on the Beijing city to reduce the traffic congestion and analyzed,implement the smart mobility indicator to Beijing city,the research further focus to connect Beijing with the new satellite town(XiongAn).The main research results and conclusions are as follows.1)The aim of the research direction is to addresses the traffic congestion and higher number of cars problem in the central part of the Beijing by using "Mixed Use Small Block Concept" to bring the city,which was hijacked by the cars,back to its people.The road network spreads in Beijing city is like veins in a human body,and the accessibility around the centre is personal vehicle dependent.The study analyzed the residential block and implements the 10 strategies new generated methodology.The model proposed to enhance road safety,public transit mode share;simultaneously it reduces the environmental pollution and road crashes in the central ring of Beijing.The methodology suggests to convert the 5 lanes roads to 3 lanes roads,while instead of 2 lanes,the road network can be reshaped and use it for multi-functional activity such as "conversion of right of way from cars to people","increase street activity","community integration","Mix Land Use","reduce need to travel",and change the travel model behaviour from personal cars to public transport modes.2)Another study is based on the application of smart urban mobility Strategies and Initiatives(urban planning,mobility,connectivity,environment,governance,infrastructure,and economy)in Beijing,while considering different criteria.The DEMATEL method of multi-criteria analysis has been applied to analyze the relationship,influence,and impact of criteria on each other.It was found that the criteria mobility(18.16%),connectivity(16.75%)and environment(16.69%)have a major impact on smart urban mobility.The criteria in the cause group are urban planning,governance,infrastructure,and economy.The criteria in the effect group are mobility,connectivity and environment.They are influenced by other factors.The AHP method has been used to validate the results given by the DEMATEL method.The results of both methods are close.The novelty in this study regards the defined criteria,determined weights and their mutual influences,and the analysis for the situation of Beijing.3)Another study focused on how to connect Beijing city with a new satellite town called XiongAn,a new satellite town to be built in the coming decade,which will be almost triple as the size of New York City.Ten million people per day are expected to commute;they will work in Beijing and live in Xiong An.Identifying transportation network capacity(road and rail)is an important task that can determine whether the network is capable of sustaining the current traffic volume and whether it is capable of handling the intended future traffic flow.The transportation planning between both cities carried out through geographic information system(GIS),multiple criteria analysis(MCA),and analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The important parameters to achieve sustainable transportation model in Beijing and connect with Xiongan will study and analyze,to measure the capacity network,relieve the congestion problems,reduce the number of cars,increase the travel attraction of public transportation and transportation planning for the new city(XiongAn).The suggested transportation model will result in increased connectivity,reduced travel time and increased transfer capacity between the two hubs(Beijing-XiongAn).A variety of options were explored through a Geographic Information System(GIS)in the first phase.To plan and implement a mass transit system,options such as an existing intercity railway line,a new high-speed railway line and/or motorway options need to be chosen.Using the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)in the second different options related to multiple criteria.The options were evaluated using various criteria responsible for selecting the alternative;travel cost,travel time,safety,environment,accessibility,and reliability are key criteria for selecting the best alternative.The analysis of GIS and multicriteria suggested that the best option would be to construct a new high-speed railway.4)Another studies focus to determine the best alternative of transportation for the new high-speed railway line between Beijing and Xiong An comparing different options for the future transport planners.The Geographical Information Systems(GIS)and multi-criteria method,Analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations(PROMETHEE II)were used.Remote Sensing datasets such as ASTER DEM and LANDSAT images and GIS software such as Erdas Imagine and ARC/GIS have been used to determine settlement distribution,station location,elevation model,slope percentage,vegetation percentage,and route alignment for a new high-speed railway line for better understanding its spatial distribution pattern over the study area.Furthermore,the study examine criteria associated with travel and economic criteria:travel time,the number of train stops,public satisfaction with transport,the number of seats per day,connectivity,operating costs,profit and the payback period.The result indicates that it is expedient to have a station in Guan,which will increase the connection and connectivity among the cities while providing fast mobility options for a large number of inhabitants of Guan city.Furthermore,the result from Remote Sensing and GIS analysis demonstrates that the proposed high-speed railway line will be environmentally sustainable and is economically and socially feasible and that it will be certain to attract current and future passengers because of their needs. |
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