Research On Dynamic Changes Of Tunnel Adaptation Luminance And Color Temperature Based On Radiometry

This thesis is supported by three NSFC（National Natural Science Foundation of China）projects,“Study of Visual Theory Application in Road Tunnel Lighting Energy Saving"（Grant No.50878217）,"Study on the Luminance of Tunnel Threshold Zone Based on Drivers’Eye Adaptation"（Grant No.50908240）and"Study of Perceived Contrast Design Method of Road Tunnel Lighting"（Grant No.51278507）.This research aimed at the beginning of design can be obtained tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature value and the change rules.And it can provide more detailed and reliable reference data for tunnel lighting design,optimize lighting and control of each enhancing zone in tunnel,save initial investment of lighting equipment and lighting energy consumption of subsequent operation,realize tunnel lighting energy-saving.Luminosity and chromaticity are two aspects of the light environment outside the tunnel.In previous studies,scholars mainly focus on the luminosity outside tunnel,which have been more concerned about the luminance adaptation between inside and outside tunnel,and lack the study of chromaticity outside tunnel,which have not yet been concerned about the color temperature adaptation between inside and outside tunnel.Therefore,this thesis first introduced the concept of tunnel adaptation color temperature,and put forward new research method of tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature based on radiometry according to the related theories and researches of solar radiation,atmospheric science,and studied the regularities of dynamic changes on this basis.It provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of tunnel lighting design standards and the practice of tunnel lighting design.Chapter 2 summarizes and defines concept and determination method of the tunnel adaptation luminanceL₂₀（S）and adaptation color temperature T_C20（S）.And it reviews the related theoretical knowledge of solar radiation,colorimetry etc,demonstrates the importance of fundamental research on tunnel adaptation color temperature,proposes spectrum luminous efficiency function of photopic 10゜visual field and CIE 1964standard colorimetric system are more appropriate for tunnel adaptation luminanceand color temperature.And it provides a clear direction and theoretical basis for subsequent research.According to site investigation,theoretical analysis and research on tunnel standards,Chapter 3 analyzes and clarifies three main influencing factors of tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature:1)Type and area percentage of scene outside tunnel within 20゜visual field;2)Spectral power distribution of the incident daylight;3)Spectral reflectance of scenery surface outside tunnel.Based on in-depth analysis of these three influencing factors,it determined the theoretical calculation model of total solar spectral irradiance on scenery surface outside tunnel,and measured spectral reflectance characteristics of four main types of typical scenery and materials.Chapter 4 formally put forward research method of tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature based on radiometry.From the theory of radiometry,firstly theoretical model of solar spectral irradiance has been established by using atmospheric transfer coefficient method;secondly scene spectral radiance has been calculated according to spectral reflectance of scene outside tunnel;thirdly tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature calculated by the conversion of“radiation to luminosity”and“radiation to chromaticity”,finally a set of tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature theoretical models have been established.At the same time,this thesis toke typical tunnel in Chongqing,Lhasa and Urumqi three typical regions for example,and theoretically calculated the tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature under different states.And it analyzed and summarized the calculation results in different conditions.Chapter 5 according to the above theoretical model,theoretically calculated the tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature in whole day long periods and on typical day of each month of the year,in four typical tunnel entrance orientations in Chongqing,Lhasa and Urumqi three typical regions respectively.According to the simulation results,it analyzed and summarized the characteristics of tunnel adaptation luminanceand color temperature,and studied the regularities of daily variation and annual variation.Chapter 6 measured the tunnel adaptation luminance and related indexes of two different tunnel entrance orientations in Chongqing in whole day long periods（1h interval）,and revised theoretical model according to the actual situation of two tunnels and measurement contents.Compared with the measured results and calculation results of revised theoretical model,it verified the correctness of the general idea of establishing the theoretical model,defined the application scope of theoretical model tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature,and provided a scientific basis for the rational use and evaluation for this model.In the framework of 3 projects funded by NSFC,the main innovations of this paper are as follows:（1）This thesis firstly proposed the concept and determination method of tunnel adaptation color temperature,and become a complement of the light environment outside the tunnel.And it provides technical support for future tunnel and color adaptation research（2）This thesis put forward innovatively research method of tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature based on radiometry.From the essence of photometry and colorimetry,theoretical model of solar spectral radiation has been established,tunnel adaptation luminance and color temperature have been researched by the conversion of“radiation to luminosity”and“radiation to chromaticity”.And the specific numerical calculation model is established by using VBA programming.（3）This thesis theoretically studied the regularities of daily variation and annual variation in four tunnel entrance orientations in three typical regions by using spectrum luminous efficiency function of CIE photopic 10゜visual field and CIE 1964 standard colorimetric system.