| The road LTL industry is the main component of modern logistics,and it is an important basic service industry supporting the economic and social development.According to the United States Ground Transport Commission(STB)statistics,the operating income of the transport enterprise,which is managed by the transport enterprise,has reached $27 billion,accounting for 40%of the operating income of 67 billion US dollars per year."In the United States,there are 87%furniture,electrical appliances and other daily necessities,80%of the food,rubber and plastic products,and 80%of the metal products are carried out by highway zero load." From all countries in the world,the road LTL industry is regarded as an important basic service industry.According to its development law and characteristics,it can carry out effective policy guidance and supervision,improve the operation efficiency and service quality,support the efficient development of the economy and guarantee the supply of various materials for the daily production and life of the public.The road LTL industry is a typical network industry.Through the construction of LTL transport network combined with point and line,and utilizing the network economic characteristics of diminishing marginal cost,it can realize the scale and scope economy of network operation.Network operation is an important foundation of LTL shipments and a key internal factor for its relatively concentrated market structure.The network morphology of road LTL transportation is very important to the efficiency,cost and quality of the supply of LTL transportation.It has always been the focus of LTL transport enterprises and theoretical research.The network morphology of road LTL network is greatly influenced by external factors.The combination of external factors such as technical conditions,institutional policy and economic structure at different stages of development,influences and induces the LTL enterprises to select and form a specific network morphology.Due to the continuous development and changes of external factors,it has driven and affected the dynamic evolution of the LTL network.Based on the theory of transportation economics,this paper takes time and space economic analysis as the main tool,starting from the evolution of the network of the road LTL transport network in China and foreign countries,comprehensively portrays the network of road LTL freight from three dimensions:physical network form,contract organization relationship and operation organization mode.It deeply analyzes and demonstrates the mechanism of the three factors of material relationship,transaction cost and demand structure on the evolution of LTL freight network.On the theoretical level,the paper attempts to use the time-space and transaction cost theory to establish an analytical framework applicable to the road LTL freight,and try to enrich the theoretical basis and application model of transportation economics.At the practical level,the paper attempts to grasp the road LTL freight network scientifically.Based on the inherent law of morphological evolution,it reveals the factors and mechanisms that affect the development of LTL freight network,and provides a valuable reference for the scientific formulation of policies to promote the transformation and upgrading of the road LTL transportation and high-quality development in China.The main contents conclusions of the thesis include the following aspects:?.Build an analysis framework of road LTL transport network.Using the theory of the lamination of transport network form and related relationship,the paper analyzes the form of the road LTL network,and divides it into three interrelated layers:from the line network and the facility layer,it mainly represents the physical network form,including point to point direct line network and spoke and hub network;from the perspective of facilities and services,it is mainly embodied in contractual organizational relationship,including three forms of vertical integration,marketization and quasi integration;from the perspective of enterprise and organization,it is mainly reflected in the operational organization model,including the self-organizing model of direct transactions and the organizational model relying on the middle layer.?.Establish the three elements of the relationship of physical and information,transaction cost and demand structure,which affect the efficiency of the matching of the elements of LTL,and then affect the interpretation framework of the form of the LTL network.The physical and information relationship is an important basis for the evolution of the network morphology of the LTL transport network.The physical displacement process of the LTL and the combination pattern and the time and space efficiency of various information in the related field have a deep influence on the matching efficiency of the relevant elements.Under the space-time structure,in order to maximize the integration and matching of resources,a specific LTL freight organization form is established;Transaction cost is an intrinsic factor affecting the evolution of the network morphology of LTL transport network.Different government regulations and business habits affect the search cost,contract negotiation cost and the supervision execution cost of the LTL enterprise when integrating various elements.The LTL freight network structure is adjusted to reduce transaction costs constantly;the demand structure is the direct cause of the evolution of the LTL network.In order to better meet the transport demand,and adapt to the comparative structure of the road LTL,transportation demand time and cost comparing the differences of the structure,the shape of the LTL freight network is optimized continuously.At the same time,there is a close logical relationship between the physical and information relationship,transaction cost and demand structure.In general,the physical and information relationship is the foundation,which has an associated impact on transaction costs and demand structure.On one hand,the physical and information relationship has led to the gradual separation of informatization and physical flow.The market information controlled by both supply and demand is sufficient,which can reduce the transaction cost and promote the optimization of the LTL network.On the other hand,the optimization of the physical and information relationship drives the informationization and virtualization of the transportation demand,and promots the manufacturing and commerce and circulation enterprises to adopt more e-commerce,online sales and other means.In addition,it drives the road LTLenterprises to make more use of internet means,which will realize online ordering,online scheduling,online settlement,and achieve seamless integration and matching with demand.III.Review the development of road LTL freight and evolutionthe development of network morphology in China and the United States systematically.The paper analyzes the development history of the LTL both at home and abroad for more than 70 years,and uses the interpretation framework of the LTL to analyze the evolution of the LTL transport in China and the United States.The paper aims at the evolution process of China road LTL "state-owned network-line operation-alliance development-platform economy" and American road LTL "special line management-regional network-network development-network expansion",and summarizes the physical and information relationship,transaction cost and demand structure in different stages of development.It also analyzes the influence of Chinese and American differences on the form of LTL network.From the appearance to the essence,from the phenomenon regression to the law,an empirical analysis is carried out on the interpretation framework of the LTL network morphology.IV.Put forward policy proposals to promote the development of road LTLnetwork in China.According to the comparative analysis of the evolution of China-US network morphology of the LTL transport,the development trend and law of the road LTL are judged objectively.Focus on "industry policy,control system,technological innovation" for various related factors such as physical and information relationship,transaction cost and demand structure",there are suggestions for accelerating the development of the road LTL freight network,including eliminating the restrictions on the establishment of branches,promoting the effective connection and optimization of various modes of transport,accelerating the construction of credit system in LTL transport market,and promoting the special line alliance mode,the establishment of Non-Car Operating Carrier management system,and the improvement of the management system for the road LTL freight market.The suggestion of network development provides a useful reference for supporting the transformation and upgrading of road LTL transport. |
PDF Full Text Request