Research On Construction And Application Of Maritime Linked Data In The Background Of Open Government Data

With the advent of the era of big data,governments of all countries have succe-ssively proposed their own big data development strategies."Open government data" is one of the important measures.In the Open Data Charter jointly signed by the G8 in 2013,"Transportation" was listed as one of the 14 high-value open fields,and marine,as the largest cargo carrier in the transport sector,has advantages over air and land transport,becoming the focus of open government data around the world.At present,China's maritime open data has problems such as low openness,hetero-geneous multi-sources,and data fragmentation.In order to further enhance the openness of maritime data,explore its potential value,and promote its effective use,this paper attempts to use the relevant technologies of semantic web to build maritime linked open data and establish its semantic aggregation application of data resources.The specific content is as follows:(1)The data opening practices of foreign governments and transportation areas are investigated.On this basis,the problems existing in China's open practice of maritime data is analyzed,determining the adoption of "linked data" proposed by the web foun-der of the WWW,Tim Berners-Lee,as a solution to improve the openness of China's maritime data.(2)The construction of maritime linked data is inseparable from the support of life cycle model.To this end,based on the existing life cycle model,an ontology-driven life cycle model is proposed,and the design ideas,main contents and overall advantages of the model are introduced.The model not only fully integrates the semantic orientation of ontology to the process of the construction of linked data,but also fully covers the core phases and key steps required for data's linking and opening,providing metho-dological guidance for the orderly and effective construction of maritime linked data.(3)In order to coordinate the construction process of maritime linked data and solve the multi-source heterogeneous problem of maritime raw data,the ontology me-chanism is introduced and the maritime ontology is constructed.In this process,the ontology's reusability principle is followed.The normative design and construction of the maritime ontology is achieved by referring to the best practice of ontology design pattern.The results of ontology's formal coding,knowledge organization,and metadata description are given,fully exploiting the unique characteristics of the domain-specific,standardization,formalization,rich semantics and interoperability.(4)Based on the ontology-driven life cycle model,maritime linked open data is constructed and published.In addition to the recommended steps for implementing the 5-star rating model of linked data,the "add metadata" operation has been used to add self-descriptive and traceable metadata information to the dataset,and a maritime open data platform is developed by referring to the DCAT standard.Two kinds of semantic link construction methods are proposed and implemented,promoting the change of link construction to automation and batch.Essentially,this process is a process in which raw data is continuously converted to linked data and then to linked open data.This solves the problem of fragmentation of maritime data and lays a solid foundation for building advanced semantic applications.(5)Taking the semantic aggregation of maritime data as an application scenario,three aggregation operations based on semantic extension,semantic browsing,and se-mantic visualization are executed,respectively.The aggregation application of maritime data in terms of vertical depth,horizontal breadth,and show of regularity is realized,embodying the advantages of ontology semantics and linked relationship in achieving one-stop access and use of maritime data.The application verifies the effectiveness of construction of maritime linked data from the perspective of practice and shows its practical application value.The research work in this paper provides a practical and feasible method for the government to further promote the opening of maritime data.It also provides reference for the open data practice in other fields.