Modeling And Simulation Of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior Based On Bi-level Dynamics Model

Walking has always played an important role as the beginning and end of tourisr in human history.Under the guidance of "people foremost",pedestrian traffic is becoming more and more concerned by traffic managers,researchers and travelers.As the focal point and focus of all pedestrian traffic studies is how to ensure the safety of pedestrian,which is the most vulnerable group in all traffic participants,travel.In normal circumstances,the most dangerous situation occurs when pedestrian cross the street.Although there are traffic lights,pedestrian crossing lines and other traffic facilities which could do the effect of protection,pedestrians still always face the competition from other modes of transport.Improving the efficiency of pedestrians crossing would not only optimize the ownership allocation of traffic facilities and improve the efficiency of the urban transportation system.Also,it could enhance the safety and comfort of pedestrian crossing accordingly.That would fundamentally solve the management problem "Chinese style of crossing the road".Based on this,the paper analysis and the characteristics of the pedestrian crossing behavior based on the sufficient and efficient survey data.Also,paper modeled the decision-making behavior in intermediate perspective and moving behavior in microscopic perspective of pedestrians crossing.With the combination of the two models,so as to establish a reliable pedestrian crossing behavior of bi-level dynamic model.Through computer simulation,the paper put forward to give design methods for pedestrian crossing facilities,which could improve the pedestrian crossing traffic efficiency,comfort and safety of all has a certain guiding significance in both theory and practice perspective.Based on the phenomenon of pedestrian behavior,investigation methods combined manual survey method and video survey method.Four intersections were surveyed in Nanjing and from the macro and the characteristics of the temporal and spatial variation for pedestrian crossing behavior were analysed in macro and micro level.Focus on the analysis of’ pedestrian crossing speed,density and flow of macro micro characteristics,the pedestrian behaviors in speed change,the change of direction,the starting position selection were explored.And the process of selforganization rules of pedestrian crossing street was summarized.The results show that the pedestrian arrival distribution follows two negative distributions,and the ideal pedestrian crossing speed is 1.34m/s in Nanjing.Pedestrians are more likely to remain at normal speed while crossing the street,and less likely to accelerate or decelerate.Pedestrian crossing facilities prefer to choose the middle position.And end position will stay on a straght line with start position.At the same time,pedestrian walking direction mainly concentrated in the 80°to 100°,showing people tend to travel according to the characteristic of linear walking.Finally,the six rules of pedestrian crossing were concluded from the point of view of community.According to the theoretical framework of pedestrian crossing behavior in pedestrian crossing,the pedestrian crossing behavior is divided into three levels:strategic layer,tactical layer and operation layer based on the analysis of pedestrian crossing behavior characteristics.The paper proposed the OWA operator to establish the shortest path decision model for pedestrian crossing.Combining two-two comparison method with the OWA operator to solve the multi-objective decision-making problem in short path planning of pedestrian crossing.Defines the minimum cost of pedestrian crossing paths to ensure that decision-makers can use multiple decision strategies in calculating each path cost,and allows alternative routes during the selection process.A path planning algorithm with minimum robustness path cost is proposed to solve the optimal path selection problem under different decision alternatives.At the same time,the prototype system is developed by Matlab GUI platform,which can complete the basic characteristic input,relative weight setting and decision strategy selection,and generate the corresponding decision path.Through pedestrian crossing behavior analysis and pedestrian crossing decision-making model,pedestrian pedestrian crossing model was further established.Based on discrete choice model,the micro motion behavior of pedestrian crossing was modeled.Particularly,the behavior layer in pedestrian pedestrian crossing structure was modeled,including two kinds of behavior modes:constraint and no constraint.The constraint behavior model is focus on the interaction between individuals,and was represented by following patterns and conflicting patterns.These models capture the self-organization effects of population behavior characteristics.Besides,a completed validation procedure was desgined and model was tested by computer simulation based on the data in second chapter.The analysis results showed a well performance of the model in similar situations and the characteristics of robustness in prediction.In the basic theory of pedestrian crossing behavior,the interaction between tactical layer and operation layer was taken as the breakthrough point.By means of computer simulation,the pedestrian area was divided into the starting zone,fluctuation area and weaving area.Besides,the range of state discrimination is quantized.The concept of walking negative effect was introduced,and the evaluation index and classification system of pedestrian crossing condition were established.The three running states of pedestrian weaving zone were put forward and compared with the classification of pedestrian facilities in HCM 2010 manual.Meanwhile,the relationship between different crosswalk width and capacity was studyed combined with simulation data.Then,a design method of different width of pedestrian crossing delay was put forward.Based on the relationship between negative correlation effect and delay,crossing time delay,and the proportion of local density levels were studyed and guiding the design methond for the minimum green time of crossing street pedestrian.