Study On The Influence Of Tourists' Recreational Behavior On The Mountain Meadow In Wugong Mountain And Its Bearing Capacity

Ecological environment is a kind of fair public goods,as well as a beneficial well being of the people's livelihood.In recent years,Wugong Mountain ushered in a golden opportunity of tourism development with its notorious tourism promotion of "grassland in cloud,paradise outdoors".2014,tourist arrival in Wugong Mountain reached 697,800,with an increase of 44.77%.With an influx of more and more tourists,the environment and sustainable development of tourism faces enormous challenges.And the managers have become increasingly serious about the problems of destruction of resources,landscape degradation,and environmental pollution as well as the conflicts between the environment and tourism development.To achieve the "mountains always Green,clean waters flow,air ever new," it is urgent for us timely to carry out a comprehensive governance oftourism Environment.This paper focuses on the concepts of "coordination,innovation,green,development and sharing".First of all,on the basis of investigation on the tourism ecological environment and tourist recreation behavioral characteristics on Wugong Mountain,an empirical research of Wugong Mountain was conducted from the behaviors of tourists recreation impacting on the upland meadow environment through pedaling tests questionnaire and field survey methods.This can reveal the relationship between the tourists' behaviors and recreational mountain meadow vegetation degradation,and explore the road of the coordinated development.Secondly,by considering tourists' experience and resources protection factor,an "innovation,green and sharing" management strategy of national Park building,Recreation opportunity spectrum construction,waste management,green road construction,culture trees production was proposed according to the tourist and recreation behavior characteristics influence of the environment on the meadow.The research has important theoretical and practical significance,because it not only helps to deepen the theoretical study on the mountain tourism and the protective development of mountain meadows,but also helps explore a new path to environmental protection and tourism development by the disturbance of the tourists' recreation behaviors to mountain meadows.The main results are as follows:(1)Construction of a comprehensive evaluation system for the tourist resources on Wugong Mountain.The types,structure,level and development suitability of the tourism resources on Wugong Mountain were divided and evaluated.The result showed that,the overall evaluation score of the tourist resources was 80 points,of high value in development in a timely protection.The typical landscape is a mountain meadow landscape,astronomical wonders and ancient trees,of high score of 85 points.(2)The temporal and spatial trends of vegetation cover show that: in recent nearly 20 years,area of meadow on Wugong Mountain decreased by 10.86%,forest land decreased by 0.24%,arable land increased by 32.85%;during the past 20 years,the vegetation coverage area has maintained an increasing trend while the high vegetation coverage area reducing.Especially,the vegetation coverage area in 2013 was 4681706.5987 ? less than that in 2005;the lowest point of the distribution of grassland increased by 17.7m;these changes were closely related to the rapid development of the tourism industry in recent years,and the nice meadow on Wugong Mountain was under serious threat due to the visitors' over-stampede,the waste pollution and the invasive species.(3)The tourist recreation behaviors on Wugong Mountain.In demographics,therates of male and female tourists were 60.7% and 39.3%.18 ± 40 years tourists accounted for89.3%.The number of undergraduate college education accounted for 70.4%.In general tourist recreation behaviors,tourists' motivation and activity preferences were internally consistent and showed on a mountain meadow recreation preferences and backpack tourism features.(4)The influence of Wugong Mountain tourist recreation behaviors on mountain meadow environment.Under the experimental condition,the height,coverage,strains number,dominant species of the meadow near by plots on Wugong Mountain increased with the distance from the main road increasing,but meadow communities showed significant response characteristics in resistance and resilience under the stampede interference.The relative coverage of the meadow decreased with frequency and intensity of the stampede increasing,with two response thresholds(89.7 ± 1.2% ~ 78.3 ± 0.7%,78.3± 0.7% ~ 62.1 ± 0.9 %),but non-linear relationship between the two.In the natural state,meadow vegetation and soil near the road was affected by the tourists' stampede obviously.The height of the meadow vegetation along roads from 1 ~ 5 m was increasing at law,the species and associated species of the meadow vegetation at 1m having more impacts of human activities than that at 5m.(5)Construction of a Recreation Opportunity Spectrum for Wugong Mountain.According to the recreation experience and preference,the importance of recreation environmental factors was concluded,and recreation projects in3 kinds of recreation environments of open,semi-open and semi-closed,closed were formulated.(6)Construction of a Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity Model and technical methods for Wugong Mountain.By the analysis on the disturbance of the tourist recreation activities on Mountain Meadow,a Recreation environmental carrying capacity evaluation system was constructed for Wugong Mountain with 20 index from three aspects of the elastic force,the supporting force and resistance to the selection of Meadow.The threshold range for each indicator as well as the carrying capacity was identified.The capacity index(LO)in peak season was 0.4263,while capacity index(LO)in low season was 0.5661.It was in "overload" status significantly in peak season,65% of the indicators in the "overload" state and indicators bearing status were in diversification during the low season.(7)Countermeasures to actively promote National Park pilot for Wugong Mountain.Wugong Mountain Management Committee has the embarrassing situation of tourism which is not conducive to the integration of resources utilization and environmental protection,so the necessity and feasibility of the construction of national parks was analyzed and evaluated,and we suggest a national park pilot should be actively promoted to solve the problem of resource protection and tourism development fundamentally.(8)Ways of green way construction in Wugong Mountain.To build a national scenic green way,suggestions on green way ecological construction,cultural construction,green ways security building and green ways services were put forward.(9)Garbage governance modelfor Wugong Mountain.In the model of the full,effective governance governance,there're four stages,namely the pre-festival source control,management during the festival,cleaning after the festival and routine maintenance in non-festival period.A better solution of tourist garbage governance was set up through establishment of institutional mechanisms,implementation and other incentives to promote the active participation of multiple subjects.(10)Ancient trees cultural production mechanism.Based on the inventory of ancient and famous trees on Wugong Mountain,a mechanism of inheritance and rebuilding of ancient trees culture was proposed.Some suggestions were put forward frommining ancient trees culture,image-buildingof ancient trees culture.landscape reconstruction of ancient trees culture and transplant of ancient trees culture.