| The lower reaches of the Qingjiang River Basin located in Changyang County,Wufeng County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,is the second tributary in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Study Area”).During the Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong period,there are dozens of Xiangwang temples in the study area.As the local saying goes,“A horn of Xiangwang blows out a river of Qingjiang.” The local Tujia people regard the image of Xiangwang as a collective memory to protect the water environment.“Three major functions” of Xiangwang temple(i.e.“worship to the Xiangwang”,“lighthouse and navigation mark” and“cohesion”)interacts with the environment,which not only retains the imbalance problems of environmental system,but also promotes the social stability in the study area at that period.Since the reform and opening-up,people living in here began to pursue the rapid development of the economy so that the imbalanced interactions among “human activities,ecological environment and social development” make the ecological environment deteriorated.The pollution of water environment is restrained by dam construction,sewage treatment facilities and ecological restoration technology,but the effect is not obvious.Therefore,this paper,from the perspective of inheriting cultural landscape resources and protecting ecological environment,puts forward the design mode and method of environmental restoration and landscape reconstruction,carries the environmental remediation and restoration to the seriously damaged site section,and tests the timeliness and feasibility of the model through water quality inspection and evaluation.The first part finds out the site of Xiangwang temple from the natural environment and native culture of southwest Hubei based on field investigation.The local culture formed during the period of social transformation in southwest Hubei is revealed.The study area is located in the poverty-stricken mountainous area of the southwest of Hubei Province,which is characterized by large topographic fluctuation,vertical and horizontal gully and uneven distribution of rainwater.During the Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong period,people in the study area have abandoned their traditions that the minorities did not leave the area,and the Han did not enter the area after the land reform.The blending of minorities and Han promotes the rapid development of native culture.The poet Peng Qiutan,regards the “king of the area”,Xiangwang,as the water god who has made great contributions to water control.Consequently,“Xiangwang Culture” has become the representative of the local culture.The data of Xiangwang temple site is extracted through field investigation.Tujia people built the temples,named Xiangwang temples,at the dangerous pass and geological disaster prone district in study area to retain the image of Xiangwang.These temples have long become a typical cultural landscape resources.Since the reform and opening up,with the development of industrialization as well as tourism industry,which is facilitated by concepts of “Qingjiang Gallery” and “picturesque Qingjiang River”,people living in here have ignored the importance of ecological environment protection so that the buildings,roads and vegetation on the section of Xiangwang temple have been seriously damaged.Through field investigation,the basic data of topography,land area and preservation of the section of Xiangwang temple site in the study area are extracted,which provides data support for the restoration and remediation of the cultural landscape.In the second part,it analyzed historical changes,spatial distribution pattern and social significance of Xiangwang Temple.The history and spatial distribution pattern of Xiangwang Temple.Field investigation found that Xiangwang Temple was mainly distributed in "Sichuan Ancient Salt Road" of Qingjiang River main stream and branches as well as dangerous mountain pass of "Ten Thousand Li Tea Route",and it was featured by "point,line and facet" in the spatial distribution pattern,which was of important social significance for analysis and research of cultural landscape resources protection.Interaction between functional features of Xiangwang Temple and ecological environment.In Kangxi and Qianlong reign periods,the interaction among "ecological environment-human activity" prompted human and environment to form the situation of harmonious coexistence.Since the reform and opening-up,along with industrialization development,people’s pursuit for rapid development of social economy has resulted in ecosystem imbalance of partial historic site sections.In Kangxi and Qianlong reign periods,the positive side of interaction between functional features of Xiangwang Temple and environment was of enlightening effect to improve the contemporary environment pollution problems.Thus,regaining of "Xiangwang Culture" was proposed in this paper,and the method and approach for ecological environment protection were put forward from the perspective of restoring and repairing cultural landscape resources.The third part puts forward the design pattern and method of environment restoration and landscape reconstruction based on cultural landscape restoration.The operation mechanism for environmental restoration and landscape reconstruction design was formulated.In this paper,the overall target of environmental restoration and landscape reconstruction design to improve ecological environment quality was proposed,meanwhile,this paper is target-oriented,and the operation mechanism was formulated from field investigation,evaluation decision,scheme design,construction,effect evaluation and other steps.Typical cases were applied to conduct practical research on environmental restoration and landscape reconstruction design mode.In this paper,by proposing to take regaining of "Xiangwang Culture" as the starting point,and restoration of "three major functions" of Xiangwang Temple as the theme,the environment restoration design was studied with the use of typical cases.The result not only protected the cultural landscape resources,but improved cultural tourism value,which was of great significance for improving ecological environment quality.Cultural landscape and environmental effect shall be provided with comparative analysis.Through the comparative analysis for cultural landscape of historic site sections and environmental effect,on one hand,it was discovered that people’s awareness for culture heritage protection has been increasingly enhanced in recent years;on the other hand,the environmental restoration design engineering before and after2018 was of great significance to improve the local ecological environment;to verify that environmental restoration design was the main driving factor to improve ecological environment,in this paper,multi-factor fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was introduced,and the result showed that the weighted value of environmental restoration design was 0.462,which was higher than several other driving factors.The fourth part examines the feasibility of the design model and method of environmental restoration through water quality inspection and evaluation.Water environment quality evaluation based on "single factor standard index method".After water quality detection and evaluation,the result indicated that 13 indexes among the parameter indexes of historic site sections were up to "Category III" standard for centralized drinking water,and another 5 indexes still exceeded the standard after environmental restoration design.Analysis of change in excessive water quality index before and after environmental restoration engineering: In this chapter,evaluation and analysis were carried out from geographical location factors and property of excessive water quality,the result indicated that the index value of excessive water quality dropped from 27.21 before environmental restoration engineering to 20.58 after restoration,indicating a descend range of 24.37%,which integrally showed that this environmental restoration design improved the environment quality of historic site sections,and prompted improvement of water environment quality.Besides,it also illustrated that the mode and method of environmental restoration and landscape reconstruction design were of positive effect to improve the ecological environment of historic site sections.Scientific guidance by government,reasonable control over pollution source: As regard to the pollution of excessive water quality in water environment on different historic site sections,in this paper,physical method,chemical method,microbiological dilution,plant absorption method and other measures were employed respectively to degrade,dilute and remove the pollutant concentration.Meanwhile,along with reinforcement of comprehensive management by local government,the propaganda of environmental protection has been expanded on the historic site sections under severe pollution,and the effect for control of pollution source can be further facilitated from increase of science and technology input and preferential policy. |
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