Study On Ecosystem Health Assessment And Management Strategies Of Typical Watersheds In Anhui Province

In the past few decades,China's rapid economic development has brought people the rising income levels and at the same time the accumulating of various environmental problems.While with the rapid development of economy and the rapid improvement of national living standard,people pay more attention to environmental quality and set higher standards for it.Building beautiful China and creating a good living environment for the people has become an important goal of the development of our country at present.The country has made clear that the development direction should adhere to the harmonious coexistence between human and nature and building ecological civilization,and has put forward the implementation of the strictest ecological environment protection system.Watersheds,as a geographical unit formed naturally on the basis of hydraulic connections,contain various and closely related natural environment elements in the region,so that many environmental problems are often characterized by the watersheds.Therefore,it is very important to consider the whole watershed scope and multi factors affecting the ecological environment in solving the watershed environmental problems.The government departments of our country have realized the necessity to solve the related environmental problems from the perspective of watershed,but the relevant evaluation system and management mechanism are far from perfect,especially when it comes to the level of local government.This study is of reference significance for watershed environmental management from the perspective of watershed.In this paper,we selected the Qingyi River,Pi River and Shuaishui River basins as the typical watersheds in Anhui Province to carry out the research.Through data collection,field reconnaissance,the collection and analysis of statistics,based on the comprehensive analysis of the concepts and evaluation methods etc.of ecosystem health both at home and abroad,we have constructed the ecological health evaluation system and method of the typical watershed,and have carried out the ecological health evaluation of the above three watersheds.Based on the concept of watershed ecosystem health,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for the management of watershed ecosystem environment in Anhui Province.This thesis mainly carries out the following work:(1)Establish the index system for evaluating the ecosystem health of typical watersheds in Anhui Province.There are three basins in Anhui Province:the Yangtze River,the Huaihe River and the Xin'an River.According to the research on the natural characteristics,scale and ecosystem health assessment of the first-class basins in the three basins,the Qingyi watershed,Pihe watershed and Shuaishui watershed are selected as the typical watershed of Anhui Province to carry out the ecosystem health evaluation.According to the natural environment situation,ecosystem characteristics and the service functions of Qingyi River,Pi River and Shuaishui River and on the basis of the related research,a typical watershed ecosystem health evaluation index system composed of decision-making layer,system layer,element layer,index layer and variable layer has been constructed.For each index,a five-level scoring standard has been established,and the evaluation system has been empowered layer by layer by AHP,and a comprehensive evaluation method of ecosystem health of typical watershed has been established.(2)Carry out ecosystem health assessment of typical watersheds in Anhui Province.We collected data on land use,land cover,water resources,water quality,population and pollutant discharge in the study area,collected aquatic organisms at 126 sites in the three watersheds and conducted field surveys on river hydrological conditions at 74 sites,and evaluated the ecosystem health of the three watersheds after further processing of the survey and collected data.The evaluation results show that the comprehensive evaluation scores of ecosystem health in Qingyi River,Pi River and Shuaishui River are 68.8,63.6 and 77.5 respectively,and the health levels are all good,and there is no big difference in the ecosystem health status in the upper,middle and lower reaches.Compared with the aquatic ecosystem,the terrestrial ecosystem has a better ecosystem health status than the aquatic ecosystem.In the evaluation of specific indicators and factors,we has found that the related index of the aquatic organisms and the index of the river connectivity are comparatively low,which are the main factors affecting the ecosystem environment health of the three typical watersheds.According to the comparison of water quality index and results of watershed ecosystem health evaluation,there are obvious differences between them,which indicate that the simple chemical water quality index had some limitations in reflecting the water environment quality.(3)From the perspective of watershed ecosystem health,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward for environmental management in Anhui province.Through the analysis of the present situation and characteristics of environmental management in Anhui Province,it is found that environmental management in Anhui Province has the overall characteristics of space segmentation and overlapping management of different departments,and the characteristics of environmental management from the overall perspective of the watershed are not obvious.Based on the experience of watershed environmental management in developed countries abroad and from the perspective of watershed ecosystem health,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on Anhui watershed environmental management from the aspects of management concept,regulation embodiment,management goal,management organization and mechanism,watershed planning,diagnosis,identification and early warning system of environmental problems.