Research On Multiple Financing Channels And Effects Of Ecological Compensation In River Basins

For a long time,the development mode of over-exploitation and ignoring the carrying capacity of ecological environment in China has made the ecological environment of river basin unbearable and unsustainable.The new era of ecological civilization has made it normal for the basin to "pay attention to the great protection but not develop".Watershed ecological compensation is intended to solve the problem of ecological environment deterioration caused by long-term predatory exploitation and natural factors,so as to solve the problem of unbalanced development in upstream and downstream areas.The current watershed ecological environment management is mainly from pollution control,which is the end of the management,and will be gradually transferred to the source of ecological protection in the future.Fundamentally speaking,watershed ecological compensation is to solve the problem of ecological protection and regional development,the mismatch of resources between regions,urban and rural areas,and guide social capital into the field of green development.The shortage of compensation funds affects the effect and efficiency of watershed ecological compensation.The sources of funds for watershed ecological compensation are divided into vertical and horizontal.Over the years,there have been more research results in the vertical financial compensation.Comparatively speaking,the research on the multiple financing of horizontal ecological compensation in river basin is insufficient.Multiple financing involves government and social capital funds,social capital involves many types of funds,and the financing efficiency and effect for different financial portfolios are very different.It is of great significance to explore the multiple financing problem of watershed ecological compensation and to fit the government's policy direction,which is very important to prevent and control financial risks,to eradicate poverty,as well as to prevent and control pollution.The paper is guided by the financing problem of watershed ecologicalcompensation.Firstly,the background,purpose and significance,content and method,technical route,innovation point,theoretical basis and domestic and foreign related research summary of the thesis are expounded;Secondly,from the perspective of introducing social capital,this paper constructs a diversified financing channels from the theory and the mechanism of action;Thirdly,combining theoretical research with quantitative analysis,the system dynamics model of financing effect analysis of multiple financing channels is constructed;Subsequently,through the simulation of the model,the use effect of multi-channel funds is analyzed according to the water quality change of cross-section of river basin;Finally,this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations on the construction of multiple financing channels.The multiple financing channel established by the paper is a multi-element financing channel that attracts social capital into the watershed ecological compensation under the impetus of emission trading,and forms multiple sources of funds and combined ways of multiple fundraising.For the construction of multiple financing channels,it firstly analyzes the current situation of ecological compensation financing in river basin.It is found that the current financing channel has a single source of funds,which can not effectively solve the fund gap of ecological compensation in the river basin.At the same time,it needs a guiding financing mode to drive multiple funds into ecological compensation in the river basin.Secondly,it analyses the reasons and feasibility of the construction of multiple financing channels.Then,on the basis of the comparative analysis of the current financing modes,it chooses emission trading as a guiding financing mode to construct multiple financing channels.Finally,it expounds the construction principle and mechanism of multiple channel financing,and analyses the multiple channel financing in this paper.In order to study the effect of multiple channel financing,the method of system dynamics is used to simulate the effect of multiple channel ecological compensation funds based on the hypothesis of water quality compensation.The effect of multiple financing channels is studied by using the system dynamics method,assuming water qualitycompensation as a hypothesis,the effect of watershed ecological compensation capital is simulated through multiple financing channels.the simulation results show that:(1)The effect of a single source of funds:(1)The transfer payment of government finance can realize the effect of ecological compensation,but the amount of funds needed is large and the burden on the government is heavy.(2)Simply relying on sewage charge funds can not realize the effect of ecological compensation;(3)The enterprise provides the ecological compensation fund,which will increase the enterprise operation cost,but cannot realize the ecological compensation effect;(2)Effect of multiple financing channels:(1)The cooperation of government and social capital can realize the effect of ecological compensation.The market with emission rights is more efficient than the market without emission rights.(2)The cooperation of enterprise and social capital(except for enterprises)can achieve the effect of ecological compensation,but the offsetting effect of investment results in a low efficiency.Comparing the five simulation results,relatively speaking,in the case of the trading market with the dumping right,the ecological compensation effect and efficiency of the government and social capital as the main financing supplier are better.The simulation results also show that the single capital source,such as the sewage charges and the enterprise itself as the main financing bodies,can not achieve the purpose of ecological compensation,while the diversified financing channels can have better effect,therefore,we should accelerate the establishment of a platform with a leading role similar to emissions trading,attract social capital into the watershed ecological compensation,and effectively solve the problem of insufficient funds in the watershed ecological compensation.The value of this paper lies in: On one hand,the analogue simulation of system dynamics is used to solve the problems of ecological compensation-funds source problem and the conclusion with confirmatory and practical guiding significance can be achieved through the construction of diversified financing channels and quantitative analysis of the financing effect of the financing channels,which has played a guiding role in the theoretical research and practical application of theproblem of the source of funds.On the other hand,it support the other problem in the theoretical research-ecological compensation mechanism selection.Through the results of this study,it shows that the leading mode of government can achieve the purpose of ecological compensation for basin.However,the efficiency is low,so the quasi market mechanism is the best choice.The construction and implementation of market mechanism need sufficient guarantee conditions,policy support and management supervision,which are difficult to apply.From the simulation results,the market mechanism plays a limited role in the ecological compensation field of basin.If the conditions are not mature,it is difficult to establish a complete market mechanism.As a result,whether the market mechanism is the best choice remains to be studied in depth in this paper.In short,the paper analyzes the source of the ecological compensation funds and fund utilizing effect via quantitative modeling,which is not only a useful supplement to the existing theory,but also has filled the gap of relevant research to some extent.It is very innovative and provides reference for the multiple financing channels of watershed ecological compensation.