Personal Carbon Trading Scheme Of Urban Residents And Guiding Policies From The Approach-avoidance Perspective

As an important strategic mission of China,carbon emissions reduction is the basic guarantee to mitigate global climate change and realize the sustainable development of China.Due to the rapid development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standards,Chinese urban residents have become main contributors of carbon dioxide and the amount and proportion of residents'carbon emissions show increasing trends,thus it is urgent to reduce downstream carbon emissions.Personal carbon trading sheme served as an important tool for downstream carbon emissions reduction can contribute to developing a low-carbon lifestyle,realizing the the basic state policy of sustainable development as well as achieving the global carbon emissions reduction target.However,the difficulty of implementing personal carbon trading scheme is not only the desigh of related mechanisms,but also the guidance of residents'participation behaviors.Although approach-avoidance is the basic behavioral pattern of human beings,Chinese urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading and their influencing factors are still unclear.In addition,there is no practical experience about the implementation of personal carbon trading scheme for reference.Therefore,it is necessary and important to study the personal carbon trading scheme of urban residents and guiding policies from the approach-avoidance perspective in order to acquire Chinese urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading and make a better design of relevant mechanisms,and that will contribute to promoting the smooth implementation of personal carbon trading scheme and making a significant achievement of carbon emissions reduction.According to the route of“research purpose–theoretical research–qualitative research–empirical research–simulation research–policy suggestions”,and multi-disciplinary knowledge of management,social psychology,behavioral economics and environmental economics,this dissertation took the urban residents in eastern China as research object,and synthetically adopted qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis method to study the personal carbon trading scheme of urban residents and guiding policies from the approach-avoidance perspective.The research contents and conclusions are concluded as foolows.(1)Hierarchical framework construction of urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading.Based on the definition and experimental paradigm of approach-avoidance behaviors,urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading were defined as five hierarchies by considering the results of indepth interview.Five hierarchies from avoidance to approach are described as follows:deep avoidance response,shallow avoidance response,uncertain response,shallow approach response,deep approach response.Furthermore,deep avoidance and deep approach are characterized by high stability and long duration,and they are also not easily interfered by environment.Shallow avoidance,shallow approach and uncertain responses represent urban residents are fuzzy about personal carbon trading scheme and participation,while uncertain response is generally characterized by low stability,short duration and high susceptibility to environmental stimuli.(2)Establishment of the measurement system of residents'carbon emissions from personal carbon trading perspective.This study firstly defined the mearement items of residents'carbon emissions from personal carbon trading perspective,then calculated the carbon emissions coefficients of mearement items by adopting emissions coefficient method and input-output model,next established the measurement system,after that developed the measurement scale,and finally verified the simple and calculable characteristics of the measurement system and measurement scale by case analysis.The measurement system of residents'carbon emissions consists of four modules:direct carbon emissions produced by energy use and private transport,and indirect carbon emissions produced by the consumption of a portion of non-energy goods and services and waste disposal,and includes the carbon emissions coefficients of 31 items related to household activities,for example,the carbon emissions coefficient of natural gas is 2.6928 kg/kg,the carbon emissions coefficient of gas works gas is 1.7183kg/m~3,and the carbon emissions coefficient of liquefied petroleum gases is 2.9846kg/m~3.(3)Theoretical model construction and verification of the influence mechanism of urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading.This study firstly considered carbon quota and carbon emissions monitoring,reporting and verification as key mechanisms from the perspective of residents,then clarified the factors of influencing urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading,next constructed the theoretical model of the influence mechanism of urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading,and finally verified the model by employing empirical analysis.Findings show that urban residents'approach-avoidance responses can be influenced by six categories of factors,and there exists five typical relationships among them.Urban residents'approach-avoidance responses significantly differ in demographic variables,which can be directly influenced by psychological cognition factors.Psychological cognition factors can also influence urban residents'approach-avoidance responses via the perception of participation behavior,in reverse,urban residents'approach-avoidance responses will affect the perception of participation behavior.In addition,the carbon quota mechanism,ethos of consumption in the society,ethos of low-carbon in the society,cognition of global climate change,and perception of abnormal climate change will moderated the relationship between the perception of participation behavior and urban residents'approach-avoidance responses.(4)Diffusion effect simulation of urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading participation.This study constructed the model for diffusion effect simulation based on the principle of weighted small world network and empirical results,and adopted MATLAB software to simulate the diffusion effect under the influences of key mechanisms of personal carbon trading scheme and situational factors.On one hand,the diffusion effect of urban residents'approach-avoidance responses to personal carbon trading participation is determined by the way of seltecting senders.The level of urban residents'approach responses to personal carbon trading participation is higher when giving priority to approach,while the equilibrium of urban residents'approach responses to personal carbon trading participation is more stable when giving priority to relationship.On the other hand,the diffusion effect can be influenced by mechanisms and situational factors.The level proves to be higher with stronger ethos of consumption,weaker ethos of low-carbon,higher cognition of global climate change,higher perception of abnormal climate change and lower acceptance of using population-based and grandfathering method to allocate initial carbon allowance.A more stable equilibrium is generally characterized by weaker ethos of consumption,stronger ethos of low-carbon,lower cognition of global climate change,lower perception of abnormal climate change and higher acceptance of using population-based and grandfathering method to allocate initial carbon allowance.(5)Policy suggestions for guiding Chinese urban residents in participating in personal carbon trading.Four policy suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of psychological cognition factors,the perceptions of participation behavior,situational factors and demographic variables,and they are primary suggestion,pivotal suggestion,catalytic suggestion and targeted suggestion for guiding Chinese urban residents in participating in personal carbon trading.There are 78 figures,143 tables,and 244 references in this dissertation.