Green Development Of Hunan Province Based On Ecological Deficit

Ecology and development has always been an important issue of concern to academia,and the green development is concerned with relationship between ecology and development.Inappropriate production and lifestyles,as well as the negative externalities of economic behavior,will bring about environmental degradation and the depletion of resources.When human pursue maximized benefit through excessive use and even overdraft of natural resources,it will lead to ecological deficits.The issue of ecological deficit is the issue of balance between economic development and ecological governance in nature.The study of the evolution and growing trend of ecological deficit in regional natural system is also a test of the practice and effectiveness of regional green development.Taking the typical central province of Hunan as an example,the paper quantitatively studies the support ability of its ecosystems to the socio-economic system and finds out the driving factors which are closely related to the generation and intensification of the ecological deficit in Hunan Province.This is helpful to have a deeper understanding of the status quo and future trend of green development in Hunan province,build up and maintain reasonable economic and industrial structure,thus providing decision-making basis for green development and ecological security of Hunan Province,and provide beneficial model for green development and green rise of other central provinces.On the basis of applying the energy analysis and the local ecological footprint method to improve the traditional ecological footprint model,as well as the statistical data from 2000 to 2015 of Hunan Province,the current ecological deficit of Hunan Province is calculated.On the basis of this,the paper analyzes and evaluates the historical evolution process and regional differences in ecological carrying capacity of ecological deficit and the change process of energy consumption carbon footprint in Hunan Province.Based on the data of population growth,economic development,industrial structure change,technological progress and energy structure adjustment and population consumption in Hunan Province,the paper finds out the driving factors which impact the ecological footprint of Hunan Province most through the statistics and analysis of partial least squares regression model(PLS),and judges its docking relationship with some certain industries,thus revealing the evolution and the reasons of the ecological deficit in Hunan Province.Based on the above research,this paper puts forward the dynamic mechanism of green development in Hunan Province,and the way to increase the ecological carrying capacity and reduce the ecological deficit.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)During 2000-2015,Hunan province had been in ecological deficit all the time except in 2002 when it had ecological surplus,and the per capita emergy ecological footprint and per capita emergy ecological carrying capacity revealed a trend of backward development.The social and economic development of Hunan province has been putting more pressure on natural resources and environment year by year,and the natural system of Hunan province was in a state of unsustainable development.During the study period,the ecological footprint of various types of bio productive land in Hunan province had increased in different degrees,of which the proportion of cultivated land and fossil energy footprint was always the largest.The pressure of natural ecology in Hunan province mainly came from cultivated land and energy consumption,which were the dominant controlling factors of ecological footprint in Hunan Province.The increase of ecological deficit in Hunan province was largely due to the growth of ecological footprint in cultivated land,fossil energy land and construction areas,and the imbalance of supply and demand between them would directly affect the healthy and sustainable development of Hunan Province in the future.(2)The emergy ecological footprint of cultivated land had increased year by year in Hunan Province,but its growth was slow.The forest land,construction sites and fossil energy sites enjoyed the fastest growth.With the change of people’s lifestyle,the ecological demand of biological resources in Hunan province had declined as a whole while the ecological demand for energy resources had increased year by year.So we can see that the rapid industrialization in Hunan is at the expense of a great deal of energy consumption.At the same time,the stock of available agricultural resources in Hunan had dropped sharply,the ecological carrying capacity of rural areas had declined,and there had been increasing pressure on resources and environment.As a big agricultural province,Hunan needs a large amount of agricultural resources so the problems in energy and agriculture are in urgent need to be solved for Hunan to achieve green development.(3)The 10000 yuan GDP ecological footprint in Hunan province showed a trend of decline year by year,reaching the minimum value in the study period(6.36 hm2)by 2015.This shows that in recent years,the utilization efficiency of resources and energy in Hunan province has been increasing year by year and the economic development has been transforming from extensive growth of resources to a resource-conserving pattern,which have contributed to the gradually coordinated win-win of economy and environment in Hunan Province and the gradually reduced ecological cost incurred by the economic growth of Hunan province.(4)The spatial pattern of land use in various regions of Hunan province is obviously different.Therefore,the ecological carrying capacity differs as well.Except for the great Xiangxi area,there were ecological deficits in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration,Dongting Lake area and central south region.The great Xiangxi area had an ecological pressure index of 0.60.It was the only region with an ecological pressure index of less than 1.The ecological pressure indexes in other areas were greater than 1,and they were facing severe ecological pressure.Especially,the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban agglomeration had the most significant ecological pressure.(5)The total energy consumption in Hunan province was increasing annually at a relatively fast speed.It reflects the simultaneous growth of energy consumption brought about by the rapid development of social economy.There was a big difference in the consumption volume of various energy sources.Among them,the consumption of raw coal accounted for the largest share in the total energy consumption,reaching 74.06%,and occupying an absolutely dominant position in the energy consumption structure.Crude oil and natural gas accounted for a relatively small percentage in the total energy resources,and the energy consumption structure in Hunan had a distinctive "high carbon" rigidity.Among all kinds of carbon emissions caused by energy consumption,raw coal was absolutely dominant,and crude oil was the second largest carbon source.As a new energy source,the natural gas ratio was very low.In the future,the task of reducing carbon emissions in Hunan province would still be arduous.With the economic growth,the intensity of carbon footprint in Hunan province continued to decrease,indicating that the energy utilization rate was increasing.(6)According to the driving mechanism model between ecological footprint growth and its socio-economic driving force,the increase in energy consumption and urbanization rate was the main driving force of ecological footprint growth;change in population and industrial structure was an important driving force of change of ecological footprint;wealth and consumption level was an important factor in the change of the ecological footprint;the total fixed investment and import and export volume would have a certain impact on its change.(7)At this stage,to reduce the ecological deficit in Hunan Province,ease the contradiction between people and land,and at the same time maintain the living standard of the people,the mode of production,lifestyle and consumption patterns must change as soon as possible,the structure of energy consumption must be optimized,the promotion of energy technology innovation accelerated,the support for science and technology innovation strengthened,and the efficient use of energy resources promoted.The population growth must be controlled,the arable land protected,the construction of new urbanization promoted,and regional ecological carrying capacity improved.Economic development should give consideration to ecological protection,improve the environment of urban and rural human settlements,and enhance the ecological carrying capacity of land.Energy consumption struct:ure should be optimized,a green industrial system should be established,and the ecological industry development path should be explored.We must adhere to coordinated development,give full play to regional comparative advantages,build a new pattern of balanced development,improve the comprehensive assessment mechanism,and improve the environmental regulation of green development in Hunan.