Ecological Impact Evaluation On Spaces Of The Typical Mountainous Small-Watersheds In South Anhui

Since the beginning of 1980s,China started to promote small-watershed comprehensive management(SWCM),innovated and developed both of theories and practice,and gradually explored the management concepts,technical system and administrative system matched to the actual situation in China.However,in the new trends of ecological civilization construction,the theoretical and technical systems of SWCM needs to be improved,and the train of thoughts for planning and designing,management measures,organization ways,administrative and benefits sharing mechanisms need to be reconsidered and re-adjusted,especially the little attention,research and practice on optimized management of ecological,productive and living spaces of small-watersheds,and not enough exploring and utilizing the impact power of social and culture factors.Through the case study method(CSM),the research found the typical SWCM examples as the objects of the study,and analyzed the space types,structure,functions and the ecological impact factors.Using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE),experts grading method(EGM)and comparative analysis approach(CAA),the research also established the small-watershed space ecological impact evaluation system,evaluated the effects of ecological impacts.In accordance with the physical and abstract spaces,the study classified the spaces of the mountainous small-watershed examples in South Anhui into 8 space types,including forest-forest,forest-waterbody,forest-agriculture,forest-residence,forest-industry,forest-roadway,forest-society and forest-culture spaces.The evaluation results show that the ecological quality of the forest-residence,forest-industry and forest-roadway spaces desiderately need to be further improved;the impact of social and culture factors are obviously positive to upgrade the ecological quality in small watersheds;based on the comprehensively evaluation of the coupling physical and abstract paces,the ecological quality of Taisheng Village(the ecological clean typed small-watershed)in Shitai County is the best,the Enlong Mount(the forestry health wellness typed small-watershed)in Ningguo City and the Xiaoling Village(the forest-paper production typed small-watershed)in Jing County are the secondary,and Shuanglin Village(the ecological restoration typed small-watershed)is the last.The spaces of the forest-residence,forest-industry and forest-roadway are the focus objects to be optimized.The evaluation results indicate that(?)the ecological impact evaluation system on spaces of small-watersheds,is the supplement of the theoretical system of SWCM,and the basis for the technological system for spatial optimization in small-watersheds.(?)the ecological impact evaluation system,can undertake the qualitative description and quantitative analysis of the internal space relationship,which could find the optimization priority order and main measures coincided to the weak and fragile parts in spaces of small-watersheds.(?)the ecological impact evaluation system emphasizes the involved social and culture factors,which are the source power of the long-term sustainable development of the space ecological optimization,and the fundamental measure is to build human and the nature life community with public order,good customs and ecological culture in small-watersheds for sustainable development and long-term maintenance mechanism.(?)the ecological impact evaluation system confirms the primary targets of space optimization that is the forest ecological quality for upgrading the ecological conditions in small-watersheds,and the weight ratios and the weight values of the indicators of the forest ecological quality are different due to the impact extent in different spaces of small-watersheds.The study raised the proposals to strengthen the theoretical research on the space ecological optimization and its ecological impact evaluation,to explore and use the social and cultural impact power,to upgrade forest ecological quality,to coordinate the measures matching to the space structural functions for the ecological optimized spatial management,and to establish the long-term effective management mechanisms for small-watershed sustainable development.Based on the space types,structure,functions and ecological impact factors,the study tried to analyze the ecological impact relations in the physical spaces of forests with the pieces of the other forests,waterbodies,agriculture,residence,industry and roadways;and the ecological impact power in the abstract spaces of forests with the community society and local culture in small-watersheds.The output of the study established the priliminary theory of ecological impact evaluation system on spaces of small-watersheds,which richens and develops the theoretical system of SWCM and its evaluation system,and could be regarded as the theoretical and practical basis for future optimized ecological management in spaces of small-watersheds.