Study On The Vulnerability Of Ecological Environment From The Perspective Of Small Watershed In Hubei Province

With the rapid development of population and social productivity,the pressure and influence exerted by human activities on the ecosystem are increasing day by day,and the ecological environment is becoming more and more complicated.Both the 18th and 19th national congresses of the Communist Party of China have listed ecological civilization as an important part of the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics,bearing the international responsibility of the Chinese nation and the people’s beneficial spirit of the Communists.Ecological environment vulnerability is an important background mechanism for generating ecological environment problems and an important subject of ecological environment research.Small watersheds are complete ecosystem units,which can better reflect the flow,exchange and interaction of material and energy.This paper discusses the mechanism and evaluation methods of ecological environment vulnerability in Hubei Province from the perspective of small watersheds.On this basis,it provides comprehensive ecological environment managements and fragile ecological environment restoration measures with small watershed as the basic unit.Hubei Province is located in the central part of China,which is an important province in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.It is a region with profound influence of human activities.Under the combined influence of natural environment and human activities,the ecological environment vulnerability of Hubei Province is increasingly obvious.The ecological environment health of Hubei Province is not only a guarantee for sustainable development in Hubei Province,but also plays a decisive role in the sustainable development of central China.Based on a large number of researches on previous related literature and in-depth analysis of geographical elements and ecological environment characteristics about Hubei Province.Under the principles of satisfying data accessibility,the meteorological elements,topographical features,soil vegetation elements and elements related to social and economic were screened.Based on this correlation factors,the ecological environment vulnerability evaluation index system was constructed,and the spatial principal component analysis method was used to calculate the ecological environment vulnerability of Hubei Province by means of ArcGIS and SPSS software.The small watershed division method based on DEM data was used.The Hubei Province was divided into 20 small watersheds,and the spatial differences of ecological environment vulnerability in Hubei Province were analyzed with small watersheds as the unit.Based on the evaluation results,ecological environment governance and fragile ecological enviroument restoration measures with small watersheds as the basic unit are proposed.The main findings are as follows:(1)According to the degree of the ecological vulnerability index,the ecological environment vulnerability of Hubei Province is divided into five levels:slightly fragile,mildly fragile,moderately fragile,severely fragile and extremely fragile.The overall vulnerability of ecological environment in Hubei Province is mainly mildly vulnerable and moderately vulnerable.Mildly vulnerable and moderately vulnerable accounted for 44.033%and 36.547%of the total area of the study area.While severely vulnerable and extremely vulnerable types accounted for 2.816%,15.574%and 1.03%of the total area,respectively.(2)The ecological environment vulnerability of Hubei Province shows a distribution situation of high in the surrounding area and low in the middle,high in the west and low in the east.The fragile ecological environment in northwestern Hubei and southwestern Hubei is dominated by topography.The fragile ecological environment in northeastern Hubei is mainly affected by unstable geological features and heavy rains.The fragile ecological environment in eastern Hubei and Jianghan plain is mainly affected by floods.(3)The ecological environment vulnerability of 20 small watershed in hubei province was classified and compared.According to the average value of the ecological environment vulnerability index of small watersheds,the small watershed is divided into mild(9),moderate(9)and severe(2)vulnerability levels.Among them,the Qingjiang River Basin has the highest degree of ecological environment vulnerability,the average index of the basin ecological environment vulnerability index is 6.387,and its severely vulnerable type accounts for 67.12%of the total area of the basin,and its extremely vulnerable type accounts for 80%of the total vulnerability level of Hubei Province;The lowest vulnerability of the ecological environment is the Juzhang River Basin.The average index of the ecological environment vulnerability index is 3.073,and the 50.21%of the province’s slightly fragile levels are concentrated in the basin.(4)The spatial differentiation of ecological environment vulnerability in the study area shows obvious correlation with topography and land use.From the topographical point of view,the ecological environment of the plain is the least vulnerable,the mildly vulnerable type accounts for 64.906%of the total area of the plain in the study area,and the mountainous environment with an altitude of over 1000m is the most vulnerable;(5)From the topographical point of view,the ecological environment of the plain is the least vulnerable,the slightly vulnerable type accounts for 64.91%of the total area of the plain in the study area,and the mountainous environment with the altitude above 1000 m is the most vulnerable.From the perspective of land use,the water ecosystem is self-recovering.The ability is strong,the ecological environment is the least vulnerable,and the slightly vulnerable type accounts for 72.23%of the total water area of the study area.The grassland and cultivated land ecological environment are highly vulnerable.From the perspective of land use,the water ecosystem has strong self-recovery ability,so it has the lowest ecological environment vulnerability.The slightly vulnerable type accounts for 72.233%of the total water area of the study area,and the grassland and cultivated land have a high degree of ecological environment vulnerabilityThe small watershed is.an ecological environment system with complete structure and function.From the study of ecological environment vulnerability with small watershed as the basic unit,it can take into account the integrity of the ecosystem,better reflect the characteristics of the ecological environment,and effectively manage the ecological environment.The comprehensive management and research provides a scientific basis for the fragile ecological environment protection and restoration of Hubei Province with small watershed as a unit.