Surface Wave Properties Research Of Metal/Dielectric/Ionic Crystal Metamaterials

Metal/dielectric and ionic-crystal/dielectric metamaterials have unique and excellent surface optical properties,which make them have important applications and theoretical research significance.The properties of surface plasmon polaritons（SPPs）or surface phonon polaritons（SPhPs）determine the surface optical properties of metamaterials.It is significant and necessary to study the properties of SPPs in metal/dielectric metamaterials and SPhPs in dielectric/ionic crystal metamaterials.In this thesis,surface and guided polaritons of lateral-and oblique-surface metal/dielectric and ionic-crystal/dielectric metamaterials were studied by using the classicalelectromagnetic theory.SPPs in lateral-surface metal/dielectric metamaterials where metal and dielectric layers are perpendicular to the surface were extendedly investigated.The dispersion equation for SPPs was obtained.The numerical simulation of Ag/SiO₂ metamaterial was carried out and five kinds of hybrid SPPs（HSPPs）were obtained.According to the relations among the permittivity sector of a metamaterial and the dielectric constant of a covering medium,one is the Dyakonov-like mode and one is the traditional HSPP,and the other three are new modes.The existence condition and field-polarization properties of the modes were discussed.The existence of the above HSPP modes wasexamined by the Attenuatedtotal reflection（ATR）method.An oblique-surface metal/dielectric metamaterial film was proposed,where metal and dielectric layers are not perpendicular or parallel to the metamaterial surface.The electromagnetic theorywas used to explore the properties of SPPs in the metamaterial film,and two unique SPP modes were obtained.The dispersion curve of SPPs was numerically simulated with the Ag/SiO₂ metamaterial,and the dispersion curves of SPPs were obtained.Although the two SPP modes propagated to the film surface at an angle,but no reflection effect was observed on the film surface.The separated guided modes and the two SPPmodes form a complete plasmon-polariton spectrum of the metamaterial film.The ATR numerical simulation of this spectrum agrees well with the spectral lines observed by the dispersion equation,which proves the existence of these SPP modes and confirms the separatelyguided modes.Hybridized surface phonon polaritons（HSPPs）of a lateral-surface ionic-crystal/dielectric metamaterial was extendedly studied,and it is one extensionto the concept of traditional SPP.Numerical simulations were performed based on a ZnS/SiO₂ metamaterial.The predicted HSPhPs were classified into five types according to their existence conditions and characteristics.One type is similar to the Dyakonov surface wave,called the Dyakonov-likeSPhP.Another is similar to the traditional SPhPs,called the traditional-like SPhP,the othersare new HSPhPs.The existence of five HSPhPs was verified by the attenuated total reflection method.An ionic-crystal/dielectricmetamaterial with a single and oblique surfacewasproposed,where dielectric layersand ionic-crystal layers areneither perpendicular nor parallel to the surface.The electromagnetic theory was used to find the dispersion relation of surface polariton.It is the first time that SPhPs oscillatingand attenuating along the surface normal were predicted.We called them the Ghost surface phonon polariton（GSPhP）and found three types of GSPhPs.In addition,an extremely unique GSPhP was found whose energy can flow only outside the metamaterial and along the surface.It is found that the phase velocity of various modes of GSPhP is significantly deviated from the surface of the metamaterial and the phase velocity and energy flux density are not parallel or perpendicular.Goos-H?nchen shift（GHS）on the surface of an ionic-crystal was theoretically investigated,where a polarized beam was incident on the crystal from any positive-permittivity medium.The incident-beam frequency lies near or in the reststrahlen band of the crystal.Our results demonstrate that the GHS properties are completely different for differently polarized incidences,namely,the s-polarized and p-polarized incident beams.The concise expression of GHS was obtained for the crystal with a low optical loss,companied by a very large GHS in the vicinity of the critical or Brewster angle.In comparison with the optically-lossless case,the effect of the loss on the GHS was clearly indicated.Unlike photonic crystals and metamaterials,the crystal used here is a natural material,such as ZnS crystal,whose interesting frequency range is in the infrared region and optical loss is much lower.The present GHS can be more easily observed and technically applied since the incident medium above the crystal surface can be any positive-permittivity medium.