| In this work,there are two main parts:the transmission of 30keV H~+ through insulating nanocapillaries and the transmission of negative ions through insulating tapered glass capillary.1.To understand the competition between the transmitted scatting and the transmitted guiding of ions through nanocapillaries in the intermediate energy range,we measured the two-dimensional transmitted ions angular distribution,the charge states and the relatively transmission rate of 30keV H~+ transmitted through nanocapillaries in a PC membrane at the angle of -1°and -2°.The experimental data clearly show that the transmitted H~+ consists of the transmitted scattering H~+,which is located around the direction of the incident beam,and the transmitted guiding H~+,which is located around the direction of the capillary axis.With the charge-up in the capillary,the proportion oftransmitted scattering H~+ ion increases and the proportion of the transmitted guiding H~+ ion decreases,this is the directly evidence of the dynamical evolution of the scattering ions and the guiding ions.According to the transmission features of 30keV H~+ transmitted through nanocapillaries,the theoretical model was established to simulate the trajectory of H~+ ions in capillary.The potential and electric field intensity distribution in the capillary were obtained for the first time,and the simulation results are good agreement with the experimental data.The main transport mechanism for the 30keV H~+ in nanocapillaries is the charge-patch-assisted collective scatterings on the surface.2.The transmission features with various tilt angles and temperature effect of negative ions through the insulating tapered glass capillary were systematically studied in this work.The relatively transmission rate,the angular distribution and charge state of transmitted ions were measured when 16keV C~- ions transmitted through the tapered glass capillary with different tilt angles.As the tapered glass capillary tilt angle less than 1°,the transmitted ions consist of three different components,the Core ions which are traveling straight through the capillary without colliding with the capillary wall,the transmitted C~- and C~0 ions,which are scattered by the capillary inner wall.When the tapered glass capillary tilt angle is greater than 1°,the transmitted ions consist of two different components,the transmitted C~- and C~0 ions.The centroid angles of transmitted C~- and C~0 ions is equal to the capillary tilt angle,with the capillary tilt angles increase,the proportion of the transmitted C~- ions decrease and the proportion of the transmitted C~0 atoms increase.It is found that temperature can influence transport process of the negative ions in the tapered capillary.With the temperature increase,the proportion of the transmitted Core ions increases.The focusing effect of the negative ions in tapered glass capillary is also found in this work.This study is useful for understanding the physical mechanism of negative ions transmitted through tapered capillary. |
