The Debate Of Paradigm Of Community

The article discusses three central areas: “community succession”,“community assembly” and “species diversity maintenance” on the basis of the debate of theoretical paradigm of community.After an empirical study of historical documents,the focus issues of community debate were sorted out based on the chronological order and internal logic to clarify the research subject and its development vein to show more systematic and realistic theoretical changes and evolutionary dynamics.The study trying to integrate the paradigm of opposition to deepen the essence of theoretical ecology,deconstructing debate and confrontation.The study clarifies the definition of relevant concepts,clarifies the realistic meaning of the community,enriches the dimensions of research,and replenishes the connotation of traditional propositions.For the controversy between the organismic and the individualism of community succession,the first step is to sort out the process of controversy: it begins with Clements' s “mono climax theory”,Gleason uses the “individualism” hypothesis to refute it,and then through the fierce contest between “New Clementsism” and “New Individualism”,continues continuously at the present.The paper gives a detailed overview of the connotation of Clements' “organism” theory and Gleason's “individualism” of community succession theory,as well as the basic meaning of the succession theory of “New Clementsism” and “New Individualism”,as its logical continuity and content enrichment.The background,negation and questioning,perfection and advancement of the theoretical paradigm involved are analyzed in detail what showing the antagonism,ablation and transfer between the “organismic” paradigm and the “individualism” paradigm.The controversy between the holism and reductionism of community involves two research programs of island biogeography mainly: one of which is led by Diamond,whose viewpoint has holistic characteristics,He thinks that the strictly determined assembly rules determine the community structure;The other is led by Simberloff who holds a radical reductionist stance.He pointed out that before committing to biological interpretation,the “null hypothesis” should be tested first In detail.On the basis of elaborating the evolution of the assembly,he makes a detailed analysis of the connotation of the “assembly rule”,the operation of the principle of “null hypothesis-falsification” and the critique of philosophy and science.The results of the debate show that the views of the opposing sides have begun to weaken and eventually from fierce to moderate.For the dispute between determinism and stochasticism theory of species diversity maintenance,it sorts out and expounds the evolution of the debate between “niche theory” and “neutral theory”,clarifies the focus of the debate,and reflects the development of the theory in a systematic way.In this way,the concept and connotation of niche theory are discussed,and a detailed analysis of its three transformations and its internal dialectical relationship is made.At the same time,the formulation of neutral theory,theoretical connotation and foundation,empirical research,challenges and advancement are elaborated on different aspects;finally,the controversy trend is discussed: weigh the existing theory and construct a comprehensive model containing random and deterministic processes to achieve a comprehensive and complete interpretation of diversity patterns and mechanism.On the basis of combing the debate on the theory paradigm of community theory,further philosophical analysis was carried out on different research topics.It mainly analyzes the causes of the theoretical paradigm debate: the different presuppositions of ontology,the structure of cognition system,and the different choices of holistic and reductionism,confirmation and falsification from the three levels of ontology,epistemology and methodology.How to solve this problem? Effective coordination and integration of existing theories and data may be a feasible path to dispel the debate and confrontation of community theory paradigms.In the specific operation process,based on the basic principles of theoretical synthesis;be precise in defining concepts and assumptions;as much as possible to improve the integrity and comprehensiveness of the theory;to achieve free conversion between different theories;try to build a comprehensive,open and hierarchical framework to achieve progressive theoretical integration.This further deepens the understanding of the nature of ecology,gains a correct understanding,enhances its application and advances the development of ecological philosophy.As a phased research from “science” to “philosophy”,the following conclusions are drawn: the debate and transformation of the community theory paradigm is complex;the debate trend is from fierce confrontation to crossover and integration;the progressive synthesis from vagueness to accuracy is feasible;ecological research should “return to the standard” to obtain its realistic meaning in the “naturalism”.Therefore,in the construction and development of history,the best explanatory explanation should be produced gradually with faithful observation and rigorous logic,so that the philosophy of ecology can make the most realistic representation of the essence of nature.This is the ultimate pursuit of this research.