Research Of Urban Green Open Space Wind Environment And Wind Landscape Design Strategies

"Wind" is one of the main factor that affects the urban climate.Wind environment is not only related to the environmental comfort,but also affect the city's meteorological and ecological systems.Meanwhile,wind participate in the construction of the landscapes,giving the landscape a natural artistic conception and dynamic effects.This thesis contains two major parts,the first part discusses the characteristics as well as planning and design methods for wind environment in urban green open space,and the second part discusses the ways to create landscape with wind and windproof strategies.The first part of the thesis started from "Feng-Shui geomancy technique",it analyzed " Feng-Shui"and wind environmental design methods in traditional Chinese gardening.This article described the ancient wind comfortable standards,The "Eight winds in Nine-grid Pattern",and "wind causes illness theory" in traditional Chinese medicine theory as the guiding theory.Then it analyzed the "Xing Shi" and"Li Qi",two different wind environment management theories in "Feng-Shui" realm.CFD wind simulation program was used to analyze the structure of "Si Xiang" mountains which are used to shelter from "wind" and accumulate "Qi" and adopted diagram analyzing methods to analyze the wind flow line to explain the "wind hazard" phenomenon scientifically.Based on Feng-shui theory,this paper discussed wind environment design in traditional gardening and presented "Tortuous space to gather air "and "Fill a vacancy to shelter from wind " strategies to manage the wind environment.By summarizing up the basic concepts,basic knowledge and research methods of the wind environment,this thesis proposed the comfort standards in green open space environment.according to the scale characteristics of urban green open space,urban green open space was classified into 3 different scales:micro,meso and macro scales.In the microscale,the thesis mainly focused on the open space and landscape feature components surrounding individual buildings.Firstly,based on the simulation and analysis of different-shaped individual buildings,this thesis presented the design method of open green space around a single building or a other wind barrier.Then it analyzed the characteristics of landscape elements:plants,terrain,small garden buildings and structures,surface wind environment,and proposed wind environmental design principles for landscape elements.Based on the two parts above,this thesis compared non-ventilating structure and ventilating structure,streamlined structure and non-streamlined structure,and found that generally they have the same wind environmental pattern.Then the thesis summarized the "funneling effect" in canyon space,"climbing effect" of wind on the slope,the "wind transmission and shadow effect" behind the wind barrier,the "wind pulling effect" in a sky well,"spiral effect" in a concave space and "wind torrent effect" in the corner space.And finally this thesis introduced the landscape application and design methods separately according to different wind field.In the mesoscale,this thesis mainly discussed the planning and design methods of urban park green space which has a low impact from the buildings.It first discussed the wind environmental features in a street canyon space.Then it summarizd the canyon wind flow rules in different aspect ratios and different wind angles,as well as the influence of different building layouts to the wind environment.Lastly,the thesis set these studies as the foundation of wind environment in different canyon green space.In order to study the performance of wind environment,the kestrol 4500 portable weather stations were used to perform field study in compact green open space influenced by surrounding buildings,urban square green space,ribbon green space,road side green space and draw their two-dimensional wind direction and wind speed maps.and simulated the outdoor space of the buildings by Fluent 14.0,the results was compared to analyze the actual impact of green space on wind environment.Similarly,the thesis performed a multi-point measurement in urban parks,and used the measurement data from the internal space of the park plaza,waterfront space,green space,terrain space and road space to analyze the discipline and the actual performance in the urban park space.On the basis of measurement and simulation,the thesis proposed the planning and design methods of street canyon green space and urban park space's wind environment.And finally,the thesis combined the characteristics of the two aspects and listed the meso-scale wind environment planning strategy:in horizontal direction,the wind inlet and outlet should be planned according to the needs of the wind environment;with the premise that the ventilation of the inner space should be strengthened,the space should maintain an appropriate enclosure;in vertical direction,the space within pedestrian walking height should maintain a high comfort level of wind environment,the building canopy should ensure good ventilation,and the tree canopy should focus on the air exchange between two layers.In the macroscale,the case study method was used to analyze the interoperated urban scale wind environmental planning cases both at home and abroad in this thesis.Based on these case studies,the thesis was carried on open space planning methods in prevailing wind and local wind environment respectively.As for the prevailing wind in urban environment,the thesis discussed five styles of ventilation corridors in a city and classified them into three levels.Then the thesis proposed that the construction of ventilation corridors should pay attention to the smoothness of its underlying surface facades,and should maintain an angle less than 300 of the summer prevailing wind.And after that,the thesis demonstrated that the most conducive ventilation patterns are the tree-branch ventilation model and network ventilation model.Finally,this thesis discussed the urban ventilation corridors selecting principles,procedures and construction standards.With the study of urban local wind,the thesis proposed the planning method of three local air circulation space respectively-the effecting space,the compensation space and the air guide channels,and described in details of the optimization methods for local wind circulation-surrounding mode,radiating mode,side-by-side mode and cross-over mode-4 different combination methods of local wind environment.and illustrated the local wind field construction and validation methods.Finally,this thesis came up with the concept of urban green open space climate and ecological effecting field innovatively and analyzed urban green open space pattern based on wind-driven,and provided new theoretical basis in urban green open space planning.The second part of the thesis focused on the strategies of wind landscape creation and windproof strategies.In the wind landscape creating aspect,this chapter mainly aimed at the cultural differences between the East and West,and discussed respectively in wind landscape creating and wind artistic conception building."Wind landscape creating" is a way to create "Landscape Sense" by integrating the view,sound and touch feelings of the wind landscape,and to create wind landscape by using different wind field and landscape materials."Wind artistic conception constructing" is mainly focus on the analysis of artistic view of traditional Chinese wind landscape art and discussed the method of creating wind environment and the selection of landscape building in traditional Chinese gardens.Landscape wind preventing strategies focused on the method of wind resisting landscape.This thesis proposed two concepts,landscape with wind disturbing resistance and landscape without wind disturbing resistance,and discussed wind preventing strategies in the landscape without wind disturbing resistance in detail.