Research On Several Evolutionary Mechanisms Of Cooperation Based On Evolutionary Game Theory

"How did cooperative behavior evolve" is chosen as one of 25 highlighted questions in 21st century by Science.Research on several evolutionary mechanisms of cooperation based on evolutionary game theory is helpful to find the emergence mechanism of swarm intelligence,understand the micro-world,and govern the macro-world.The main contributions are as follows:Firstly,the impact of randomness and diversity on the evolution of cooperation is studied.A public goods game model with diversity and randomness is established.Number of strategies matters diversity and population size,selection intensity and mutation impact on randomness.The findings indicate that higher level of diversity and higher level of randomness can lead to larger average investment and favor the evolution of cooperation more,especially under intermediate selection.Secondly,the impact of breaking links and establishing links on the evolution of cooperation is discussed.Five coevolutionary rules are compared,the findings show that the way of breaking links plays a key role in promoting cooperation and the way of establishing links determines the population structure.Thirdly,the impact of indirect reciprocity on the evolution of cooperation in spatial population is investigated.A two-layer network evolutionary game model is established,where the interactive network and the learning network are separated.The visible co-evolution process shows that rewiring caused by indirect reciprocity not only promotes the emergence of cooperation but also increase the population structure's inhomogeneity.Fourthly,the impact of proportional best response on the evolution of cooperation is analyzed.A proportional best response dynamical model is proposed that individuals update strategy with a probability depending on the differences between virtual and practical payoff.The algorithm of the average abundance of cooperator in well-mixed population is obtained.The results indicate that proportional best response can promote cooperation in both well-mixed and spatial population with mixed update rule.Finally,the impact of migration on the multi-strategy selection is analyzed.The accurate values of two parameters are obtained for both Moran and Wright-Fisher process.Based on two parameters,how migration and mutation impact on on the evolution of cooperation are verified by Monte Carlo simulations.The results indicate that the intermediate migration level can promote the emergence of cooperation.