| As a common problem to be solved urgently by all human beings,the poverty problem is always the focus of attention for each government and academic circle of the world.And at present,the situation of global poverty is complex and serious,based on the statistics of the World Bank,up to the end of 2015,there are still 720 million people below the level of poverty line throughout the world.With years of large-scale poverty relief and development,the poverty-stricken population in China's rural areas has declined sharply and the situation of poverty has been effectively relieved.However,due to large population base of impoverished people,the task of poverty relief and development is still arduous,and up to the end of 2015,there are still 55.75 million people below the level of poverty line.At present,the poverty situation of rural China has transformed into the geo-relation poverty restrained by peasant household's individual ability,special geographic environment and resource factors from the surface poverty formed by backward economic development and policies &systems deficiency.And the focus of attention for the poverty problem is also transformed into multidimensional poverty including income level,education & medical treatment,public service,development environment and other aspects from one-dimensional poverty with income level as standard.The proposal of rural revitalization strategy provides important opportunity for the governance of rural poverty,while the deficiency of rural resource factors becomes the major obstacle to hinder poverty governance.With the further development of resources-poverty theory into each factor,the concept of "poverty" is brought into cultivated land resource,and the problem of cultivated land resource deficiency is brought into social economy field from natural domain.On one hand,the non-engineering measures can be explored and utilized to solve the scarcity of cultivated land resource,and on the other hand,the space-time coupling relationship and mechanism of the resources-poverty and rural poverty are explored to provide new thoughts for the optimum regulation of cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty as well as the rural poverty governance model based on the perspective of cultivated land resource.At present,there are only a few of documents on the study of resources poverty in the system,especially,the relevant document on the study of coupling relationship between resources poverty and rural economy poverty is less,no systematic research system is formed between the scarcity of cultivated land resource and the formation relationship of rural poverty,therefore,the study on the rural multidimensional poverty is to be enriched and improved on the scale and measurement index system.In this paper,based on the theories of resources poverty and rural poverty,as well as relevant reference carding and summary,the concept and connotation of cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty are defined.And furthermore,by means of ArcGIS,SPSS,GeoDa,Matalab,Eviews and other spatial analysis and data statistics software platforms,and the dynamic weighted sum method,polygon overall graphic method,Moran's I,geographic detector,coupling harmonious degree model,Auto Regressive model and other research methods are applied to respectively depict the spatial-temporal correlation pattern and regional differentiation characteristics of the cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty in Chongqing Municipality,explore the leading factors influencing the regional differentiation of cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty,dissect the coupling relationship and mechanism between cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty,and to establish the coupling optimum regulation strategy of cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty,so as to provide policy suggestions for the rural poverty governance based on the perspective of cultivated land resources,and to expect the promotion of the utilization of regional cultivated land resource and sustainable & sound development of rural economy.The research contents and major conclusions in this paper include as follows:(1)The concept and connotation of cultivated land resource poverty are defined,the measurement index system for cultivated land resource poverty is established,and the dynamic weighted sum method,Moran's I,variable coefficient and other research methods are applied to study the spatial-temporal characteristics and spatial correlation pattern of cultivated land resource poverty in Chongqing Municipality and each region.The results show that: in time sequence,the degree of cultivated land resource poverty in Chongqing Municipality and districts & counties shows a reduced trend year by year,while the difference among regions expands gradually.And in spatial distribution,the districts and counties with slight degree of cultivated land resource poverty are mainly focused on regions I and II,and for the districts and counties with high degree of poverty,it is mainly focused on regions III and IV.In the spatial correlation pattern,there is significant spatial aggregating feature in the cultivated land resource poverty,the aggregating effectiveness strengthens continuously,and the high-aggregating region is distributed in regions III and IV,and low-aggregating region is distributed in regions I and II.And furthermore,the high value center of collection gradually transfers to region III from region IV,and the low value center gradually spreads to region II from region I.(2)On the basis of adding household livelihood development environment dimensionality,establish the measurement index system for rural multidimensional poverty,and furthermore,the polygon overall graphic method,geographical detector model and other research methods are applied to study the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and influence factors of rural multidimensional poverty in Chongqing Municipality and each region.The results show that: in time sequence,the degree of rural multidimensional poverty in Chongqing Municipality shows a descending trend year by year,the poverty degree of districts and counties eases to some extent and the difference among districts and counties reduces year after year.In the spatial pattern,the districts and counties with high and higher level rural multidimensional poverty are mainly distributed in regions III and IV respectively,the low and lower level districts and counties are mainly distributed in regions I and II.And in the spatial correlation pattern,there exists spatial aggregation effect for the rural multidimensional poverty in Chongqing Municipality and the effect enhances year after year,it is mainly guided by HH and LL positive correlation.HH-type districts and counties are mainly focused on region III,and LL-type districts and counties are mainly focused on region I.The regional differentiation of rural multidimensional poverty is mainly affected by terrain,distance to downtown,agricultural acreage,urbanization level,degree of education and other factors,and furthermore,the leading factors vary from different regions.(3)Based on the study of cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty,quadratic curve and coupling degree model are applied to study the coupling relationship between the cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty in Chongqing Municipality and districts & counties.The results show that: in coupling level,the cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty in Chongqing Municipality show a high coupling degree and slowly-increasing trend,and it shows extreme coupling degree in most districts and counties,the low and moderate coupling degree is mainly distributed in regions III and IV.In coupling type,the lagged type of cultivated land resource poverty is slightly more than the lagged type of rural multidimensional poverty,the former is mainly distributed in the south of region II and region IV,and the latter one is mainly distributed in the north of region II,region III and region I.In Jiangjin District,Nanchuan District,Bishan District,Fengdu County,Zhong County and Youyang,it transforms into the lagging type of rural multidimensional poverty from lagging type of cultivated land resource poverty,and in Jiulongpo District,Beibei District,Kaizhou District,Liangping County,Dianjiang County,it transforms into the lagging type of cultivated land resource poverty into the lagging type of rural multidimensional poverty.(4)Based on the content and content analysis of coupling mechanism,AR regression model and variance contribution rate are applied to inspect the coupling relationship between the cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty,so as to discuss the interaction of the two and driving mechanism of coupling development.The results show that: from the aspect of variance contribution rate,the effect of the cultivated land resource poverty on the rural multidimensional poverty shows fluctuant decline,while the effect of rural multidimensional poverty on the cultivated land resource poverty shows increase year by year,which accords with the interactive relationship between cultivated land resource and rural economic development in the course of urbanization.AR model inspection results show that: when the degree of cultivated land resource poverty improves every 1%,the increased percentage of the rural multidimensional poverty degree shows downtrend,while the degree of rural multidimensional poverty improves every 1%,the increased percentage of the cultivated land resource poverty shows rising trend,which is consistent with the result of variance contribution rate.And from the angle of interaction,the degree deepening of cultivated land resource poverty will cause low agricultural benefits,deserted farmland,lagging industrial structure,outflow of the workforce and other problems,which increases rural economic development and increases the risk of rural multidimensional poverty.On the contrary,the degree rising of rural multidimensional poverty will cause decline of peasants' living standard,decrease of government investment,outflow of the workforce,deserted farmland and other problems,increasing the risk of cultivated land resource poverty.And the coupling relationship between cultivated land resource and rural multidimensional poverty is influenced by the combined action of regional economic development,resource endowment,locational conditions,government policy and other elements.Based on the above research conclusions,in order to ease the degree of cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty,make the best of cultivated land resource for the governance of rural poverty,and to promote the adaptability of cultivated land resource to rural economic development,the optimum regulation measures are put forward.The optimum regulation measures in the backward regions of cultivated land resource poverty include as follows: carry out land reclamation according to circumstances,increase agricultural acreage and optimize resource combinations,strengthen the input of "farmland waterway network“,improve the infrastructure conditions of cultivated land,intensify the ecological environmental protection effort,improve the environmental quality confronted by cultivated land resource,push the reform of the rural land system and improve the social adaptation ability of cultivated land resource poverty.And the optimum regulation measures in the backward regions of rural multidimensional poverty include as follows: make efforts to solve the problem of "two-no worries and three-guarantee",namely,no worries of food and clothes,guarantees of compulsory education,basic medical care and safety housing,promote peasants' living standard in poverty-stricken areas,plan the flow of resource factors among regions as a whole,ease the difference of rural poverty among regions,greatly promote the ex-situ poverty alleviation and relocation in poverty-stricken areas,and improve rural development environment.Innovation points of this paper includes:(1)Based on the theory of resources poverty,the concept and connotation of "cultivated land resource poverty" are defined,and furthermore,empirical study is conducted to the spatial-temporal differentiation and spatial correlation pattern of "cultivated land resource poverty" to enrich the theory system of resources poverty,so as to provide method use for the related studies of "cultivated land resource poverty" for reference.(2)The measurement index system of regional rural multidimensional poverty is improved,the dimensionality of rural "development environment" is increased,and furthermore,empirical study is conducted to the spatial-temporal differentiation and influence factors of the rural multidimensional poverty to expand the research perspective of rural multidimensional poverty.(3)The coupling relationship between cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty is explored to reveal the coupling mechanism of cultivated land resource poverty and rural multidimensional poverty and to propose the poverty optimum regulation measures based on the perspective of cultivated land resource;... |
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