| Ningxia is a minority area,research on the genetic diversity of the Hui population in Ningxia region has made the data of the ethnic groups in this multi-ethnic country.At the same time,it has a great deal to explore the genetic structure among the ethnic groups and the origin migration path of the Ningxia population.Short tandem repeat(STR)is an ideal genetic marker with high polymorphisms and genetic stable heredity.The characteristics of its short,efficient and multiple amplification.Therefore,STR typing is not only suitable for analyzing degradation and minute amount of DNA,but also an important method for paternity testing and individual identification.In this research,the polymorphism of 15 STR loci in Han and Hui nationality from Ningxia district to investigate.Identifiler Plus kit was used to detect the allelic frequencies of 15 STR loci(CSF1PO?D16S539?D19S433?D2S1338?D5S818?D8S1179?THO1?vWA?D13S317?D18S51?D21S11?D3S1358?D7S820?FGA?TPOX).The use of Modified-Powerstates statistical software to calculate the frequency of allele distribution and other forensic genetic data.According to the allele frequency,apply POPTREE2 software to calculate the genetic distance between each other,using NJ to draw phylogenetic tree of different nationalities.The last chapter summary forensic applications of 15 STR loci and DNA database,provided theoretical and practical help for Hui genetic loci genetic polymorphism research workers.At the same time provide genetic information for the genomics of different populations.The experimental results are as follows:1.Through the detection of blood samples from five Hui ethnic groups in Ningxia(Dawukuo,Xingqing,Litong,Tongxin,Haiyuan),200 population per area,access to 15 loci genetic polymorphism.Among them,176 alleles and 463 genotypes were found in Dawukou,143 alleles and 427 genotypes were found in Xingqing,151 alleles were found in Litong,136 alleles and 467 genotypes were found in Tongxin,151 alleles and 450 genotypes were found in Ha iyuan.Ge notype frequency distribution in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium formula.The H,Pm,DP,PIC and PE values of each locus of Hui population were calculated respectively.Among them,The TDP of Dawukuo was 0.999 999 999 999 999 98569 and the CEP was 0.999 999665.The TDP of Xingqing was 0.999 999 999 999 999 98915 and the CEP was 0.999 997735.The TDP of Litong was 0.999 999 999 999 99997447,CEP 0.999 999204.The TDP of Tongxin was 0.999 999 999 999 99998323,CEP was 0.999 998017,The TDP of Haiyuan was 0.999 999 999 999999 98870 and CEP was 0.999 997070.The data show that these 15 STR loci have good discriminating power.The results suggest that among 15 STR loci,in addition to TH01,CSF1PO,TPOX,D3S1358,D5S818 five sites,the remaining 10 loci all had high genetic polymorphism among the Hui population in five areas of Ningxia.The genetic distance between Hui people in Xingqing and Litong was the nearest(0.007),the genetic distance between Hui people in Dawukou and Tongxin was the farthest(0.015).By drawing a phylogenetic tree,the results show that Dawukou and Xingqing first gather into one group,and then with the litong Hui group together,Tongxin and Haiyuan gather into one group,eventually together.Tip in the five regions of the Hui community,Tongxin and Haiyuan Hui ethnic group came from a branch,and one Hui ethnic group in Dawukou and Xingqing.2.Through the detection of blood samples from Ningxia Hui and Han population,598 population per area.194 alleles and 615 genotypes were found in Hui population,180 alleles and 588 genotypes were found in Han population.15 loci gene frequency distribution between 0.001?0.524(Ningxia Hui),0.001?0.523(Ningxia Han).Genotype frequency distribution in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium formula.The TDP of Hui population was 0.999 999 999 999 999 99647 and the CEP was 0.999998244.The TDP of Han population was 0.999 999 999 999 999 96947 and the CEP was 0.999 997664.The results suggest that among 15 STR loci,in addition to CSF1PO,D3S1358,TH01,TPOX four sites,the remaining 11 loci all had high genetic polymorphism among the Han and Hui population in Ningxia.Using software to calculate the genetic distance between the Ningxia Hui?Ningxia Han.Dongbei Mongolian?Gansu Mongolian?Qinghai Mongolian?Inner Mongolia Mongolian and Outer Mongolia Mongolian.The genetic distance between Ningxia Hui and Ningxia Han?Inner Mongolia Mongolian and Outer Mongolia Mongolian was the nearest(0.014),the genetic distance between Gansu Mongolian and Dongbei Mongolian was the farthest(0.302).By drawing a phylogenetic tree,the results show that Ningxia Hui and Ningxia Han first gather into one group,and then with the Inner Mongolia Mongolian group together,Qinghai Mongolian and Dongbei Mongolian gather into one group,eventually together with Ningxia and Inner Mongolia,eventually together with Outer Mongolia Mongolian and Gansu Mongolian.It suggests that Ningxia has a close relationship with Inner Mongolia Mongolian?Outer Mongolia Mongolian and Qinghai Mongolian,Ningxia has a long way to go to Dongbei Mongolian and Gansu Mongolian.3.Calculate the genetic distance between the Ningxia Huizu?Gansu Huizu?Linxia Huizu?Qinghai Huizu?Pingliang Huizu?Cangzhou Huizu?Liaoning Huizu and Guangxi Huizu.The results show the genetic distance between Ningxia Huizu and Linxia Huizu?Cangzhou Huizu?Liaoning Huizu was the nearest(0.005?0.006?0.007),the genetic distance between Linxia and Cangzhou Huizu?Liaoning Huizu is also close(0.006),the genetic distance between Cangzhou Huizu and Liaoning Huizu is close(0.007),Ningxia Huizu has a long way to go to Gansu Huizu(0.127).Seven regions gathered together during the clustering,eventually together with Gansu Huizu.4.Using software to calculate the genetic distance between the Ningxia Huizu?Ningxia Hanzu?Dongxiang?Sarah?Kazakh?Uighur?Han(GD)?Han(HN)?Yugur?Zhuang?Yi.Tibetan?Bai?Wa?Dai?Hani and Li.Drawing a phylogenetic tree,the results show that the genetic distance between Ningxia Huizu and Ningxia Hanzu?Dongxiang?Sarah was the nearest(0.005?0.009?0.008),the genetic distance between Ningxia Hanzu and Sarah?Han(GD)was close(0.008?0.008),the genetic distance between Sarah and Dongxiang was close(0.011),the genetic distance between Han(GD)and Yi?Hani was the farthest(0.012?0.012),the genetic distance between Yi and Hani was the farthest(0.013).Dongxiang and Uighur first gather into one group,and then with the Ningxia Huizu group together,Yugur and Tibetan gather into one group,and then with the Sarah group together,with the Yi group together,eventually together with Ningxia Hanzu,Han(HN)and Kazakh group gather into together,and then with the Bai group together.After two polymerization,with Wa?Hani?Zhuang?Dai and Li as one,the final sixteen nationalities gathered together with the final convergence of Han(GD).5.Using software to calculate the genetic distance between the NingxiaHuizu?Thai?Japanese?Belarusian?Palestinian?Malaysian?Korean?Indian?Australian?African?Maltese and Pomeranian.Drawing a phylogenetic tree,the results show that the genetic distance between Ningxia Huizu and Thai?Japanese?Korean was the nearest(0.013?0.011?0.013),the genetic distance between Ningxia Huizu and Indian was the farthest(0.127),the genetic distance between Thai and Japanese?Malaysian?Korean was close(0.014?0.022?0.020),the genetic distance between Japanese and Korean was close(0.012),the genetic distance between Palestinian and Australian was close(0.022).Ningxia Huizu and Korean first gather into one group,and then with Japanese group together,Thai and Malaysian gather into one group,and then with Ningxis Huizu?Korean?Japanese group together;Belarusian and Pomeranian group together,and then with Australian group together,with Maltese group together,with Maltese group together,with Palestinian group together,eventually together with African.After the two converge,finally converge with Indian.6.Geographical isolation factor is greater than the distance.There are significant genetic differences between ethnic groups in North and South China.The re is significant genetic difference among populations across different states.Religious beliefs affect the exchange of genes among peoples.The same language has a near genetic relationship.Geographic distribution and historical data show a relationship that is consistent with the genetic relationship between ethnic groups.The issue of Chinese origin in Africa is confirmed. |
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