Study On Formation And Evolution Of The Huaihe Water System

Water is an essential element of nature and human life and production.The river is the water carrier.which breeds of human civilization and bears the economic and social development.Now problems of the Huaihe water system have been a serious impediment to the development of the basin,such as floods,water shortages and pollution so on.The paper takes the Huaihe water system as a study area,explores its formation background,restores different distributions in different periods,analyzes the natural and human factors affecting its change,studies the environmental response,and speculates the change trends in future.All of these provide a historical and scientific basis in developing and harnessing the River.Therefore,the study not only has the important academic value,but also has important practical significance.The paper consists of four contents as follows.(1)The formation of the Huaihe River:The paper analyzes the geological and geomorphologic features of the basin as a start point,explores the process of its formation,and speculates the times when it ran through the mainland into the sea alone with the help of climate.(2)The whole evolution of the Huaihe water system including rivers,lakes and canals.The paper makes an overall research on the Huaihe water system during different periods after its formation.(3)The Yellow River changed its course into the lower reaches of the Huaihe River,which is the fundamental factor that caused a big change of the latter.Both uneven precipitation and vegetation change exacerbate the Huaihe changes;human activities have also had a great influence on the changes of the Huaihe River.But natural factors and human factors have played the different roles durring the Huaihe River changes in different periods.(4)The influences from its changes.Meteorological disasters and geological disasters increase in the middle and lower reaches of the Huaihe River because the Yellow River’s flooding into the Huaihe River.Four conclusions have been drawn:(1)The Huaihe River is the product of the combined effect between Neotectonic movement and climate change in the late Pleistocene.(2)Its main stream has experienced a change course from running into the sea alone,confluence of Yellow River and Huaihe River into the sea,to diversion of its lower reaches into the Yangtze River River.And the lakes,from flourishing,being silted,disappearing,to newborn lakes being silted small gradually.(3)The Yellow River’s flooding into the Huaihe River is the most fundamental reason for the latter to make a great change.Both uneven precipitation and vegetation change exacerbate the Huaihe changes;human activities have also had a great influence on the changes of the Huaihe River.But natural factors and human factors have played the different roles during the Huaihe River changes in different periods.(4)Because of the Yellow River’s flooding the Huaihe River led to the change of the floods and drought disasters and the serious deterioration of the ecological environment in the Huaihe basin.(5)The Yellow River and the Huaihe River have created the present Yellow-Huai plain together with the canals.The core between three of them is the relationship between human and nature.Therefore,to study the relationship forward is of great far-reaching practical significance to harness the Yellow River and the Huaihe River and to develop water resources.