The Psychological Mechanism Of Leader's Motivational Patterns In The Normal And Abnormal Working Situations

Strategic motivation is at the core of human resource management.Motivation and leadership theories invariably offer a multitude of strategic motivational frameworks to explore effective motivational patterns,enhance the growth of motivational research,personal growth and long term organization development.However,limited research sheds light on the relationship between work context and motivational patterns,and emotional/ extrinsic motivational mechanism.Hence,from the aspect of organizational behavior and human resource management,it is necessary for organization,supervisors and subordinates to examine the relationship among motivational patterns in varied working situations,emotion,extrinsic motivation,and work performance.That is,supervisors' motivational approach is capable to enhance subordinates' work performance via subordinates' emotion and extrinsic motivational state.This research explored three leader's motivational patterns in varied working situations that subordinates involve.Firstly,combing expectancy theory and extrinsic motivation,this study examined the relationship between leader's contingent reward and contingent punishment and subordinates' work performance in the normal working situation,including the direct effect of contingent reward and contingent punishment to subordinates' task performance,job engagement,job creativity;the direct effect of contingent reward and contingent punishment to subordinates' ambition and competition;the mediating effect of ambition and competition,in order to reveal leader's contingent reward and contingent punishment have effect on subordinates' multi job performance via ambition and competition.Combing communication context theory and cognitive appraisal of emotion,this research secondly examined the relationship between enhancing subordinate's growth induced leader's constructive criticism and subordinates' work performance in the abnormal working situation,including the direct effect of constructive criticism to subordinates' task performance,job engagement,job creativity;the direct effect of constructive criticism to subordinates' shame and anger;the mediating effect of shame and anger,in order to reveal abnormal working situational leader's constructive criticism has effect on subordinates' multi job performance via shame and anger.Thirdly,this study further developed a Ji Jiang Fa scale with good validity and reliability,and after combing self-construal theory and emotional cognitive appraisal,examined the relationship between enhancing subordinate's growth induced leader's Ji Jiang Fa and subordinates' work performance in the abnormal working situation,including the direct effect of Ji Jiang Fa to subordinates' task performance,job engagement,job creativity;the direct effect of Ji Jiang Fa to subordinates' envy,shame and anger;the mediating effect of envy,shame and anger,in order to reveal enhancing subordinate's growth induced leader's Ji Jiang Fa has effect on subordinates' multi job performance via envy,shame and anger.To examine research questions,this study at first used quasi-experimental design,questionnaire survey as well as paired sample t-test with 362 supervisor-subordinate dyads questionnaires to test hypotheses.Secondly,this study used inductive multi case study,including group interview,semi-structured interview,informal communication and archival data to explore the original qualitative data.In the process of case analysis,this study extracted six classic critical incidents with good credibility from 30 middle level subordinates in state owned companies and state organs.Thirdly,this study get a three dimensional well developed Ji Jiang Fa scale with 11 items by open ended questionnaire and factor analysis.This study further used scenario experimental design as well as questionnaire survey with 411 supervisor-subordinate dyads questionnaires to test hypothesis.Results from experiments and positivist case study showed that the relationship between leader's motivational patterns and subordinates' job performance in varied working situations.Specifically,(1)enhancing subordinate's growth induced leader's constructive criticism,Ji Jiang Fa,contingent reward and contingent punishment have positive and significant relationship with subordinates' task performance,job engagement,job creativity in the abnormal working situations;(2)contingent reward has positive and significant effect on subordinates' ambition and competition in the normal working situation;(3)contingent punishment has positive and significant effect on subordinates' competition in the normal working situation;(4)contingent reward has positive and significant indirect effect on subordinates' job engagement,job creativity via ambition in the normal working situation;(5)contingent reward has positive and significant indirect effect on subordinates' job engagement,job creativity via competition in the normal working situation;(6)contingent punishment has positive and significant indirect effect on subordinates' job creativity via competition in the normal working situation;(7)enhancing subordinate's growth induced leader's constructive criticism has positive and significant effect on subordinate's shame and anger;(8)constructive criticism has positive and significant indirect effect on subordinates' task performance,job engagement,job creativity via shame and anger in the abnormal working situation;(9)enhancing subordinate's growth induced Ji Jiang Fa has positive and significant effect on subordinates' envy,shame and anger in the abnormal working situation;(10)Ji Jiang Fa has negative and significant indirect effect on subordinates' job engagement via envy in the abnormal working situation;(11)Ji Jiang Fa has negative and significant indirect effect on subordinates' task performance,job engagement,job creativity via shame in the abnormal working situation.In all,this research discussed theoretical contribution as well as provided new direction for leadership and motivation research;it also offered practical implication for organization,supervisors and subordinates,and gave some suggestion to organization and human resource management.