Rural Settlements Renewal Based On Structure And Function Evolution

This article constructed a three-level analysis framework of "county-village-peasant household"about rural residential use structure and function evolution.The villages were divided into different Industry types based on rural settlement evolution and drivers in county scale.We adopted participatory rural appraisal,and selected 6 kinds of industry-type typical villages,then analyzed the evolution of production and life functions of rural settlement and achieved the homogeneity in each urban-rural development phase and heterogeneitycaused by industrial differentiation for industry-type villages.We finally applied the heterogeneity results to the livelihood capital index selection and constructed the coupling model of farmer livelihood capital and residential land usingcondition for studying the relationship among farmer-family member structure,employment structure of industry-type villages and residential using condition so as to provide a new thought and method for rural residential renovation potential research and rural land use planning preliminary analysis."The major research conclusions are as follows:(1)In the different urban and rural development stages,rural residential structure evolution in the county level arise from the combined action of social development background and rural development orientation.In the stage concentrating on industry(1949-1978),national strategy of giving priority to develop heavy industry promote a large number of rural capital flowing into the industry.The rural residential spatial distribution is uniform and scattered.Rural area as a whole is in a relatively homogeneous status.In the stage concentrating on city(1979-2001),capital is obtained while rural labor and means of production flow to cities.The scale of rural residential areaobviously increases,and presents the spatial characteristic of centering on old settlements and expanding the building to the outside space.The stage of developing urban and rural as a whole(2002-2012)change relatively slightly compared to the stage of urban-rural integration development.But in comparison with the last phase,rural residential patches increase apparently in the central urban area and around the trunk roads.The effect of location radiation appears.(2)The analysis of the spatial and temporal driving factors of the rural settlement shows that,the driving effect from natural attributes of land,like terrain,on the evolution of the rural settlements has weakened with the increase of the technical level and the accumulation of the economic funds.The effect of land capital attributes,like cultivated land and mineral resources,on the rural settlements presented temporal and spatial differences.Population factorshave alwaysbeen the driving factors of rural settlementsevolution,while the impact of capital factors enhanced with the diversity of rural regional industry.Since the reform and opening up,the location factor was activated by social demand.The effect of central city,trunk road,tourist attractions and other location factors become increasing prominent.(3)According to the driving factors,the rural areas are divided into six types including agricultural villages,mineral villages,suburban villages,road villages,tourism villages andenterprise villages.Analysis of rural land use structure and inside evolution of rural settlement shows that,in the indusrial development stage(1949-1978),the cultivated land played the most important production function,and the production team collective land mainly took non-agricultural production function.In the city-based developmentstage(1979-2001),The differentiation of rural industrial spatial structure appeared.The non-agricultural production land in suburban villages and enterprise villages increased.The non-agricultural production in the road villages and mineral villages initially appeared.While the agricultural villages and tourism villages were still dominated by agricultural production.In the urban and rural developmentstage(2002-present),the agricultural production structure adjustment promotethe importance of agricultural production.The non-agricultural economic production fuction of suburban village,mineral village and road village has strengthened,while that of enterprise village has weakened.The non-agricultural function of tourism village and suburban village has strengthened for the reasons that the regional advantages of central city and tourist area bring the function transformation from life to economy to rural settlement.(4)The change of life function of rural settlements presents phase homogeneity and space difference.In the indusrial development stage(1949-1978),villagers lacked of housing fund,and per capita living areas were small.The new houses were built depending on local materials with low housing quality but high land use efficiency,without idle waste phenomenon.The level of rural overall infrastructure was low and the living conditions were poor.In the city-based development stage(1979-2001),the function inside rural settlement changed from production to living.The per capita living scale increased,the housing construction quality improved,and rural life function obviously strengthened.Although there existed idle phenomenon,but the overall living demand was still large.The public service facilities of enterprise and mineral villages were better than that of other four villages.The rural collective economic differences brought about by industrial structure started to appear in the living function of rural settlement.In the urban and rural development stage(2002-present),the state increased support for rural development.The basic utilities in rural areas improved.The increasing of rural residents’ income prompted to improve housing quality.The difference in the life function between industry type villages has weakened.The difference of house sites conditions appeared.The homestead utilization rate of tourism village was the highest,followed by mineral villages,road villages and suburban villages,and the enterprise villages and agricultural villages were the lowest.The rural industrial structure and the production function of inside settlement obviously influenced the living function of rural settlement and the utilization efficiency of the house sites.(5)The coupling research results of farmers’ livelihood capital and land use status of house sites show that,the proportion of seniorpeasants’ households is higher,followed by young peasants’households.The middle-aged peasants’accounts for the lowest proportion.The rural urbanization population structure,the family structure of rural households in the village,and the employment structure have a direct impact on it.Based on the above research,this paper constructs the general idea of the optimization andtransformation of rural settlements.That is clearing the development goal,combing land use structure,analyzing function attributes,and guiding rural transformation.Only to cordinate the environment,resources,land,and population,can we achieve that the transformation of the rural settlements would meet the villagers’ production and living requirements.