| Research on ancient traditional preparations of traditional Chinese medicine,is the study of traditional Chinese medicine methods and modes of use.The existing researches are mainly about to compare the application of modern preparation,but the study on ancient traditional preparations of traditional Chinese medicine has not been met.So this thesis is based on the cognition of life,disease,pharmacy and drug use,tostudy the theoretical and ideologicalbasis,characteristic of pharmaceuticalpreparation and its main content,finally,it can provide experiences and sources of innovation and development for traditional Chinese medical theory.This study is based on ancient Chinese medical books before 1911 in Complete Bibliography of Chinese Medicine Classics,including most of herbal books and clinical books,some unearthed literatures and history books are also referred to.The total number of books is over 146.With previous research experience and using research methods of literature and history,the writer is about to write this thesis.On one hand,we pay close attention tothe connotation and the extension of traditional preparation's concept,and the development and change process of traditional preparation;on the other hand,we discuss the internal relation between ancient traditional preparations and the cognition of life,disease,pharmacy and drug usebased on traditional Chinese medicine,to analyze basic idea,clinical features and rules of preparation of traditional Chinese medicine.Besides,we also give a brief summary overview of characteristics of traditional decocting method and traditional instrumentsunder preparation.The thesis can be divided into five parts.The first part gives an outline of concept and functions for traditional preparation.The dosage form of ancient traditionalpreparation consists of decoction,pill,powder,ointment,sublimed preparation,vinum,etc.Through generations of many physicians' clinical practice,people's understanding about these concepts have been to a gradual convergence.For example,the function of decoction has been exchanged from "cleaning up five Zang-organs and six Fu-organs and opening the veins" to "removing serious diseases",so the application of decoction is due to serious diseases and instantly fatal diseases.The function of powder has been exchanged from "getting rid ofwind-cold-wetness evil" to "removing acute diseases",so the application scope ofpowder has been extended.As for pill,its use is soothing treatment,so it can be applied for late diseases or chronic diseases.Moreover,since ointment means making heavy cream,so it can be used for removing long illness.Sublimed preparation is formed by the mineral refining such as sulfur,mercury,for example,hydrargyrum chloratuM compositum,hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum.And vinum means digesting Chinese yeast,so it can be applied for curing arthralgia syndrome to run Qi and blood.The second part,from the view of preparation principle,viscera and meridians,Qi and blood syndrome,the authorcombs the internal relation between ancient traditional preparations and the cognition of life,disease,pharmacy and drug use in order to discover internal rules of traditional preparations and diseases.The influencing factor between ancient traditional preparations and the cognition of life includes Qi,essence of life,vital energy and mental faculties,function of organs,and constitutional characteristics.Qi is man's root,so we determine the extent of prescriptionaccording to the amount of Qi,disease's prosperity and decline and order of urgency.preparation according to essence of life,vital energy and mental faculties,we must follow these principles:tonifying Qi,calming nerves and other preparation thoughts.Preparation according to constitutional characteristics,we must consider regional difference and individual difference.The influencing factor between ancient traditional preparations and the cognition of disease includes etiology,characteristic and location of disease.Preparation according to etiology of disease,Tao Hongjingput forward,"investigating the source of the disease to preparation".Zhang Yuansumoved forward a single step,he insisted that identifying six climatic factorsto medication.Preparation according to disease's trends,early in the disease,treat with decoction;after prolonged disease or with meridians and blood barrier,treat withliquor with sediment or sweet wine.Preparation according to location of disease,as Shen Kuo said,"decoction may arrive at the five Zang-organs and the four limbs,powder can stay in the chest and diaphragm,spleen and stomach".The influencing factor between ancient traditional preparations and the cognition of pharmacy includes regulating Yin Yang,distinguishing sthenia and asthenia.In addition,according to the five elements,based on Mediation Method,people make the prescription preparation and analyze their internal regularity.Preparation according to Yin Yang,preparation may be divided into Yin pharmaceutical form and Yang pharmaceutical form.Preparation according to sthenia and asthenia,people adjust the routine and contrary therapies.Preparation according to the five elements,that is to say,people make the preparation by the five colors and five tastes.Preparation according to Mediation Method,means that regulating Qi to make it smooth.On the face of it,the cognition of treatment is focusing on the principal cause of a disease.The influencing factor between ancient traditional preparations and the cognition of drug use includes nature of a drug,monarch,minister,assistant and guide,seven methods in prescription compatibility,prescriptions in seven and ten series,etc.Particularly,a prescription may comprise from hundreds of Chinese medical herbs,or may be made into different forms,this depends on the order of urgency,and it is the embodiment of TCM's principle-method-recipe-medicines.The third part,by selecting representative works of ancient Chinese traditional preparations such as Shanghan Lun,Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue,Liujuanzi Guiyifang,Fuqingzhu Nvke,the authormakes athorough analysis of the features of preparation in several clinical departments.For example,decoction is often be used when treating exogenous affections.Fu Qingzhuattached importance totonifying the kidney,tonifying the liver,regulating Qi,andnourishingblood.In a word,he combined treatment with preparations.Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue discussed the characteristics of five viscera preparation.But dealing with traumatology department,we must treat blood disorder first,and decoctionis the first choice.As for superficial infection,take Liujuanzi Guiyifang as a example,the writer was good at combing external therapy with internal therapy,he used ointment for external therapy,decoction and powder for internal therapy.Stated thus,decoction is used for treating exogenous affections and gynecopathy,powder and pill are both used for treating childhood illnesses,as for surgery diseases,we may apply powder before decoction.The fourth part sums up the specific production technology of traditional preparation.Soup's making method consists of cutting and boiling,being made powder and boiling,being made powder and being taken after mixing with water.Pill's making method consists of wax pills,vinegar pills,flour pills,glutinous rice pill,ginger pill,cucumber pill,wine pill,earthworm pill,ect.Powder's making method consists of frosting,ashing,smoke burning,filing,pounding.Ointment's making method consists of pasting with honey,boilingand pasting with water,pasting with pig fat,boilingand pastingwith vinegar.Sublimed preparation's making method consists of calcing,refining danwith vermilion as an outer garment,refining dan with sulphur,refining danwithlatex.The fifth part summarizes the application and taboo of processing equipment(such as bronze ware,copper tool,ironware,iron knife,silverware,silver knife,earthen ware).We must choose appropriate preparation devices depending on pharmiccharacteristic,which have a decisive influence on preparation.That is to say,without proper preparation method,the flavour of drug will be completely lost,or even side effects will be produced,too.On the other hand,this thesis discourses the relationship between the decocting method andpreparation.The influencing factor includes type of water,type of fire,boiling method,medication order,drug taboos,physical fitness,etc,which is the necessary safeguards whether the preparation is effective or not.The type of water consists of well water,slush,spring,perennial flow,etc.The type of fire for boiling is an important factor whether the preparation plays effect or not.The boiling method consists of decoct first,decoct later,decoct a drug wrapped,etc.Moreover,this paper also concerns withdose analysis,taking medicine and disease location,drug taboos,compatibility and incompatibility of drugs,these are all associated withthe therapeutic effect of preparation.The innovations of this paper are as follows.(1)The innovation of subject.The existing researches are mainly about to compare the application of modern preparation,but the study on ancient traditional preparations of traditional Chinese medicine has not been met.This thesis is based on the cognition of life,disease,pharmacy and drug use,tostudy the theoretical and ideologicalbasis,characteristic of pharmaceuticalpreparation and its main content.Besides,we also give a brief summary overview of characteristics of traditional decocting method and traditional instrumentsunder preparation.So the theory and content framework of ancient traditional preparations has been structured.(2)The innovations of historical materials and research methods.This study is based on ancient Chinese medical books before 1911 in Complete Bibliography of Chinese Medicine Classics,including most of herbal books and clinical books,some unearthed literatures and history books are also referred to.The total number of books is 146.With previous research experience and using research methods of literature and history,the writer is about to write this thesis.This paper first trace the source of ancient traditional Chinese medical literature,according to the evolution history of dynasty,the preliminary outline of the traditional formulation development framework and historical context,to reveal the inner laws and development framework of ancient Chinese medical preparations.This paper aims at laying the foundation of traditional Chinese medical preparation,and playing a foreshadowing role for later study.(3)The innovations of conclusion.From this paper,we can find out that there exists close connection between ancient traditional preparations and the cognition of life,disease,pharmacy and drug use.This study summarizes the basic concept of TCM's traditional preparation.That is to say,disease is the root of the problem,preparation is the essence of the problem,dosage is the form.The authoralso makes athorough analysis of the features of preparation in several clinical departments in order to give prominence to the inner relationship between disease treatment and preparations in different forms.Besides,this paper summarizes processing equipment's particularity and taboo,the relationship between the decocting method and disease medication method andphysique or time.Therefore,this study hasimportant historical significance and practical significance,and it will have some enlightening for today's study. |
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