Research On The Current Situation And Effect Of University Tuition In China

The charging standards,proportion to government and students,paying ability of underprivileged family,as well as individual higher educational returns,have been the hot issues since higher education charging policy institutionalized,1998.Following the practice of detailed measures of higher education charging policy since 2013,for most public opinions,individuals have been overcharged for higher education in China.In Fact,higher education charging policy has been an effective measure to promote higher education development,and to solve the problem of insufficient financial input.In the process of popularization of higher education and the advancing of higher education quality,higher education charging policy has been playing an important role.The dispute of higher education charging policy appeared in other countries too.Correct understanding of higher education charging policy requires an detailed analyze of both history and reality,affirming the achievements,as well as finding out the deficiencies and problems of higher education charging policy.This paper falls into five parts.The first part introduces the higher education charging policy document,analyses the historical process of higher education charging policy in China.The second part focuses on panel date,compares higher education charging standards,financial input status of higher education,proportion to government and individual between China and OECD countries.The third part analyses from the macro level,the differences of higher education paying ability between China and OECD countries,as well as the differences between different regions,urban and rural families.Based on questionnaire survey,analyses the whole status of higher education paying ability,exploring the difference of paying ability between urban and rural families,families from different regions.The fourth part focuses on the different levels of paying will among different individuals.The fifth part combined with open-ended questionnaire,introduces the Questionnaire of Non-monetary Earnings Status of Students from Higher Education Institutes.Based on the Questionnaire,the author tries to assess non-monetary earnings status of higher education tuition.The conclusion of this paper includes:First of all,the historical process of higher education charging policy in China falls into three stages,free of charge stage(1949-1983),exploring stage of charging policy(1984-1997),and institutionalized stage of charging policy(1998-).Higher education charging policy has been normalized since 1998.Secondly,compared with OECD countries,the charging standard of higher education tuition in China remains at the level of lower-cost.Higher education tuition in OECD countries has been increase,meanwhile,higher education tuition in China has been increase rapidly too.However,considering the inflation reasons,miscellaneous fees of higher education remain at the level of 2007 since the State Council prohibit the rise of tuition fee.At the same time,although the fiscal expenditure of education has been increasing,fiscal expenditure of higher education is lower than other education level,and the yearly increasing rate is lower.From the perspective of higher education input between individual and government,input from individual is decreasing since the year of 2005,meanwhile compared with OECD countries,the ratio of individual input of higher education is relatively lower.Thirdly,data from the macroscopic level shows that higher education tuition remains the trend of decrease in family disposable income,however,compared with OECD countries,higher education tuition remains to be at an relatively higher level of family disposable income.Meanwhile,the paying ability of higher education tuition between rural and urban families,as well as families from different regions,is highly different.On the whole,families from eastern region have higher paying ability than families from middle and western region;families from urban region have higher paying ability the families from rural parts.Meanwhile,data from microcosmic level show that students from different regions,different family backgrounds and college levels,have different paying abilities.The paying ability of students from western region,mid-level universities and rural families is relatively lower.At the same time,the paying will of higher education tuition remains at the middle level.Students from western regions and mid-level universities have relatively lower paying will.Factors influence student's paying will mainly include: the cognition degree of higher education charging policy,subjective understanding of higher education tuition standard,as well as the degree of preference of the major.Last but not least,the non-monetary earnings of college student mainly lies in the following aspect: the view of life,the knowledge view,level of aspiration,artistic appreciation,comprehensive ability,learning capability,etc.Survey shows that students holds an positive view on non-monetary earnings at university,however,students from different regions,universities,family backgrounds,and majors,have different non-monetary earnings.University in different regions,from different levels,as well as student from different family background,slightly effect non-monetary earnings status.According to the charging status of higher education in China,to alleviate the effect of higher education charging on the object,improve the fairness of higher education,this paper supposes: firstly,the approved method of average training cost in the policy level,to make the tuition standard of university tuition standard;Secondly,increase the investment of financial education funds of higher education,increase the total amount of higher education;Thirdly,to establish a diversified funding system of university students,improve the ability of the general colleges students to pay;Finally,stimulate the internal learning motivation of students,improve the personal non-monetary income during school.