The Study On College Students' Experiential Education From The Perspective Of Ideological And Political Education

The ideological and political education of college students can be understood as moral education from the point of educating people.Virtue,knowledge and ability(collectively referred to as talent)are the basic structural elements of the acquired quality.In its form and development,virtue has a lot of characteristics and laws different from talent,a quite obvious and fundamental one of which is its source or logical starting point.If knowledge or cognition comes mainly from listening and watching,and the ability or behavior comes mainly from doing and practicing,then the virtue comes mainly from the inner feelings or perception.In the field of education,students' acquirement of knowledge mainly relies on the image and symbol memory,and the formation of behavior relies mainly on the procedure and coordination memory of the internal limb movement,while the formation of virtue is mainly dependent on the memory of the situation,plot,and emotion in external “situation-event” and internal “perception-experience” that integrate both subject and object.Perception is the sensing,feeling,and apperception of the interaction between human and the environment in a specific situation,which is the integration of sensibility and reason centered on emotion.The accumulation of a certain amount of perception will form experience and virtue will.integrate into the subject in the form of experience;therefore,“perception-experience” is not only the origin of the formation of virtue,but also determines its type,level and primary property(essence).The influence of the level of talent on virtue does not lie in the change of the primary property,but rather,it influences the consciousness,systematicness and self-consistency of cognition through knowledge and reason,and influences the function and realization of primary property through talent and behavior.With the continuous improvement of education level,one's talent will increase significantly,but his/her virtue might not be enhanced synchronously.This indicates that,so far,education is mainly “talent” oriented(namely,exam-oriented education or knowledge education).In this sense,the improvement of education and talent cultivation should realize transformation from knowledge education to the genuine quality-oriented education,the virtue education that focuses on establishing morality and educating people.And college students' experiential education is an exploration in terms of education concept and methodology in order to achieve this transformation.In order to highlight the importance of perception in virtue education,especially in moral education,in a relatively sense,experiential education can be regarded as the third idea innovation relative to or different from knowledge education(knowledge theory)and practice education.In college Students' experiential education,the teacher designs team activities that involve group competition and division of labor for students,who will produce real feelings and perception by completing the specific tasks and then share their feelings and perception under the teacher's inspiration and guidance,forming resonance,empathy and consensus,so that they can strengthen and solidify their feelings and perception that are real,occasional,transient and fragmented and internalize such feelings and perception into experience and faith,which form a habit in the long training.As an educational innovation,experiential education is proposed by following the theoretical direction of Marxist human nature and practical philosophy as well as the features and law of formation and development of virtue;It has inherited the ideology of the traditional Chinese culture,especially the unity of knowing and doing,precedence of doing over knowing,and mutual support of knowing and doing;In terms of references,it has borrowed from western classical educational philosophy,thoughts and methods;After its proposal,this education method has experienced nearly ten years of practical exploration,study and verification.In the relationship between knowing and going,the role of education is to strengthen the consciousness,authenticity and sense of meaning of behavior,so as to promote the unity of knowing,doing and significance.The combination of external performance oriented behavior(skill training)and internal feeling oriented behavior(experiential education)is conducive to the integration and consistency of “skill” and “intention”.Both practice education and experiential education attach importance to and make use of real life situation,but they also have their own different characteristics.The situation-event of college students' practice education is closer to the real and natural life,but the controllability of its process and target is low,and its life-related property overweighs its educational property.On the contrary,the situation-event of experiential education is only the simulation of life,but its target is clearer,its process is controllable,and its more education related.At the same time,knowledge,skill and morality(attitude)and other qualities have different features and requirements on the relationship between knowing and going,among which morality has the slightest dependence on knowledge and heavier dependence on practice.Therefore,the thought of precedence and priority of doing over knowing has a more special significance in virtue education.Overall,the integration of knowing and doing is not only the core of education,but also the core of ideological and political education theory and practice.Concerning the three methods of knowledge education,practice education and experiential education,experiential education differentiates itself from knowledge education with the concept of precedence of doing over knowing;college students' experiential education is also different from practice education with its stronger purpose,planning,pertinence,controllability and timely reflection and sharing;therefore,experiential education does the greatest help to integrate knowing and doing,which also plays the role of intermediary or chain by communicating and connecting knowledge education and practice education.The logical relationship of college students' experiential education is: the competition interaction promote the participants to have real and rich experience by group activities,with real situation(conception)environment and conditions including certain tasks,behavior rules,with the camp experience field,with plot deduction which is variability,complexity and richness,with diversity of the arrangement and distribution of active role.It mainly adopt the organization of leader(or guider)and exchange and sharing,individual(or collective)reflection and mutual verification participated by participants(or sharers)together,the participants are guided and enlightened so as to form resonance,empathy and consensus,promoting the subjective perception to be intensified and solidified into stronger and more stable social experience after verified by others.The logical relationship of experiential education adopt the path including accumulation of experience and the symbiosis mechanism and mutual verification mechanism,that makes teachers and students take on highly harmonized and united state of “body on the situation,heart on the context,and soul on the spiritual level”,urge the participants to face positive and negative conflicts and make a choice and lead them to internalize certain experience into faith through value comparison and clarification.The process of externalizing internal faith into external behavior which is just as the process of transforming virtue into moral behavior can be achieved through the experiential education activity project with precise positioning of education goal,meticulous design of education step,fine management and control of perception process,and accurate evaluation on ideological value.Only when behavior is solidified into a habit can the virtue be stabled through repeating the behavior of perception and training,overcoming difficulties and obstacles of the behavior from the body,mentality and ideology,carrying out self-control cultivating and training to resist interference and temptation.Ten years of practice showed that experiential education has the integration of focusing on the subjectivity of contemporary college students and the resource elements;experiential education also has the distinct characteristics of focusing on the life testability close to reality and the purpose of contemporary ideology and politics education.The experiential education prompted the college students to actively transform the individual learning into the collective team learning and formed ideology community and growth community;experiential education prompted the college students to actively transform symbolic memory into perception memory,enhancing the education effectiveness;experiential education also prompted the college students to transform moral intelligence into moral wisdom,strengthening the value education.However,the time of the college students' practice of experiential education is still very short,and as an education system,there is still a long way to go for experiential education.Even if experiential education develops into a mature and perfect education system in later,it still has the development limitations in scale,standardization,reproduction,which accompany its characteristics and advantages.Only through the integration of many methods and modes of "big education",can college students' experiential education make up for its limitations and shortcomings while highlighting its characteristics and advantages.