A Research On Marx’s Theory Of The State And The Internal Logic Of Its Formation

Marx’s state theory mainly discussed four issues.The first thought was about the origin of state.In his opinion,private ownership was the main cause of the class origin,and state was the production of class conflict.The second thought explored the essence of state.Marx thought state was a ruling instrument to maintain the government of ruling class as well as played a role of social government as an organization above society.The third thought focused on dictatorship of proletariat.Marx voiced that there would be a transitional period between capitalist society and socialist society,in which a state power dictatorship of proletariat would still exist.Here he discussed the essence and historical mission of proletariat dictatorship.The forth thought referred to the withering of nation.In Marx’s opinion,state as an organization standing above society should come back to society.It was destined to be terminated by social self-government.Therefore,Marx analyzed the cause of state withering and developed a principle that the role of communist society state could only be orientated by future practice.Sublating the state concept of social contract theory was the source of Marx’s state theory.Class struggle theory was initially proposed by bourgeois historian and economists.They admitted there was class conflict in society but not in bourgeois society.However,Marx held on the view that class struggle also existed in bourgeois society and it would lead to transitional dictatorship of proletariat.Class was not only economic but also social and political.Marx did not completely deny the state concept of modern social contract theory,Rousseau as the representative,nor the publicity of state.He sublated the reasonable elements of their state view and developed state theory through revealing the state essence from social instrument to class instrument,which realized the leap from social contract theory to class essence theory.In addition,Marx’s considered only dictatorship of proletariat is authentic realization of popular sovereignty.The mainstream thoughts about state before Marx were referred to rational state theory represented by Fichte,Hegel etc.Marx developed proletariat dictatorship theory by sublating their theories and proposed that state would finally turn to be organization of production management instead of political ruling machine,which achieved the leap from rational nation theory to state withering theory.Taking a comprehensive review of both the formation and development history of Marx’s state theory,it is considered that there must be some internal logic through the formation and development of the theory system.The affirmation of capitalism political freedom by Marx’s early thought is the logic start point.Then,it is found that the freedom is just a political alienation of man.As a result,sublating the political alienation of man and achieving full freedom of mankind become the logical ending point of the theory development.More specifically,the early thoughts of Marx admitted and absorbed the rational state view of Hegel,etc.Based on the research of capitalist reality,he drew the conclusion that capitalism political freedom was not real freedom.He found that the concept of human rights established after the French Revolution was just a power game of the private owners.The liberation of human would not be realized unless the political alienation of man was broken.Thus,Marx put forward a view that human liberation of proletariat would surpass bourgeois political liberation.After that,all the theoritical research carried by Marx was to explore the condition and probability of realizing human liberation.Putting the branches of theory research aside,we can extract the logical thinking of "affirmative"-"negation"-"negation of negation" from the formation process of Marx’s state theory.The key clue is human and the free development of human being.This paper summarizes major characteristics of development of Marx’s state theory in the end.The first characteristic is the critical inheritance.Marx’s theory inherited class and class struggle theory established before and sublated state view of the French Enlightenment thinkers,German classical philosophers and various prevailing socialist theories,all of which were the basis of the creation of Marx’s state theory.The second characteristic is that the theory development is practice-promoted.This is a prominent feature of Marx’s state theory.Marx was propelled to pay more attention to realistic problems at that time,such as "Rheinische Zeitung"period problems,the revolution of 1848 and the interference of various opportunism theories to the European and German labour movement.The ideal-oriented feature is the third characteristic.It is the purpose of Marx’s Theory research to build a society which has no country as a rule machine,no class,no exploitation,no oppression,and people can acquire real freedom and liberation.