The Change And Optimization Of The Realization Mechanism Of Contemporary Chinese Farmers' Political Interests

Studying the modernization of rural democratic governance from the perspective of rural governance structure has gradually become a new trend of academic research.The excellent governance structure means that in the process of realizing the political interests of the peasants,it is necessary to establish a balanced power structure and an interactive governance main mechanism to ensure that the peasants enjoy equal rights to participate in village public decision-making,policy enforcement and public affairs management opportunities,and achievement of the political interests of farmers demands in the actual political process.In a sense,the standardization,equalization and interlocking degree of governance structure is an important criterion of assessment of the farmers' political interests' performance.Especially in the contemporary Chinese rural areas,since the reform and opening up,Chinese society has entered a new period of state governance and social change,gradually enhancement of democratic politics,market-oriented economic system reform and urban and rural development all show the continuously promotion of the modernization process of China's national governance structure.The rural governance is the key link in the national governance system and the important embodiment of the state governance ability.Of course,the rural governance structure is in the process of continuous adjustment,the diversity of the interests of farmers and the complexity of the realization path also propose new demands of rural governance structure adjustment,which have aroused the attention from the current rural political research.Thus,the analysis of the realization mechanism of the peasants' political interests is becoming the key and the focus of the rural social transformation and the construction of the democratic rule of law.Domestic and foreign political scholars have always pay great attention on the study of the farmers' interests.From the existing literature combing,we can learn that these academic achievements related to the "state-society" theory of relations,institutional change theory,community theory,governance theory,"third domain" theory.Based on the view of the theory of comprehensive theory,one is to stand on the point of view of "state authority",but ignore the objective facts of the development of grassroots democracy in China,and the discourse feature and explanation model of state-dominated perspective only reflect one aspect of the realization of peasants' political interests,lacking of systematic analysis;the other is the realization of the interests of farmers to change the dynamic process of static "white sketch",lack of deep theoretical extension and academic support,without the organic synthesis of theory and process,lack of research.However,the realization of the political interests of peasants in China has undergone profound changes and presents different practice landscapes at different historical stages.This paper argues that the study of the realization mechanism of the peasants' political interests in our country cannot be written aside in the historical and institutional path dependence,nor can the one-sided "process" analysis be carried out,but the contemporary Chinese peasants' political interest realization mechanism should be embedded in the relative longstanding historical time and space,comprehensive farmers political interests to achieve the theory and composition of rural governance structure theory,summarize the status quo,to explore the causes of problems,find the path,predict the development trend.The realization mechanism of the peasants' political interests is subordinate to the rural grassroots governance,and with the change of the governance structure,the landscape of different change is presented,and the modernization of the rural governance structure is promoted to a certain extent.Therefore,it is necessary to use the "state-society" analysis framework to observe the characteristics of "embedded" into the political interests of peasants in different historical periods,and from the perspective of the rural governance structure,the paper analyzes the changes and optimization of the realization mechanism of contemporary Chinese peasants' political interests.Based on this,starting from the analysis of the internal logic of rural governance structure,power structure and governance structure of the country,on the basis of governance structure evolution for the macro institutional background,explain the rural peasants' political interests mechanism realization mechanism reform,the deconstruction of the causality and evolution process,and governance from comparative analysis based on state power and the social autonomy for reference,to explore the strategies and suggestions to realize peasants' political interests Chinese path from the "two dimension structure process".In the process of the evolution of the interests of Chinese peasants,the four institutional structures of "imperial power tyranny-regime sinking-people's commune-township government" were experienced in four periods: "silence of interests-recovery of interests-mobilization of interests and interests" During the imperial period,the imbalance between state and the village power,the governance structure showed the imperial power supremacy and the gentry autonomy,the peasants' political interests were in silence.During the period of the Republic of China,the collapse of state power caused by the collapse of self-created order,monorail politics and the political interests of farmers to wake up the conflict intensified.After the founding of new China,Chinese peasants have become the masters of the country and society for the first time.In exploring the process of realizing the political interests of peasants,the Chinese Communist Party has relied on strong organizational capacity and mobilization ability to construct the "people's commune system".In this context,the realization of the Chinese peasants' political interests has a certain degree of irrationality.After the reform and opening up,the establishment and perfection of the household contract responsibility system and the villagers' self-government system constitute the basic pattern of the rural government and village governance,the political interests of the peasants are optimized to refine the governance structure,the path is gradually diversified and the consultation democracy is perfect.However,state-led "path dependence" still exists,farmers' political interests are faced with new challenges.Township village governance has become the background of contemporary macro structure,rural society comes out of the "closed" features,political system is gradually standardization and legalization,and rural governance structure is changing to the autonomy type.The institutionalized way of realizing the political interests of Chinese peasants is expanded.Specifically,at the present stage,the institutionalization of Chinese peasants 'political interests includes the "four major democracies",the citizens' petition and legal litigation,and the non-institutionalized realization modes include asylum relations and protest realization.Contemporary rural governance structure can be summarized as three models,namely: state-led governance structure,rural autonomy governance structure,balanced interlocking governance structure.The structure of the rural power and its structure of the main body make transformation to the equilibrium interlocking in the vertical and horizontal direction,which mapped to the realization of the interests of farmers,expressing the shift toward the institutionalization,diversification and rationalization.However,the governance structure of contemporary rural governance is still not perfect,there is not enough balance of power structure,the phenomenon of co-de-embedding of the main body of governance,leading to the channel obstruction of realization of the farmers' political interests,non-organizational realization platform,value conflict as well as the deficiency of realization of responding.The effect of farmers' political interest is related to the structural equilibrium of governance structure.In the elements of power structure,the state power needs to carry out institutional policy support beyond the level of the rural community,and put the political interests of farmers into the public interest.In the main elements of governance,public organizations,villager self-government organizations and new rural elites in the mutual cooperation can effectively avoid the overall disorder caused by excessive self-governance of farmers.In the study of the dilemma of contemporary peasants 'political interests,this paper mainly starts from the nonuniformity of state power structure,the limitation of governance main function,the imbalance of peasants' interests and the lack of public awareness of peasants as political subject.In particular,the limited nature of state power causes its erosion of the village's order,and the power structure within the vertical and horizontal direction will also have a conflict;there is a problem of “dislocation of internal structure” between the system implementation and countryside fitness of rural autonomy power,poor level of autonomy organization and ignorance of the rural internal order lead to the unbalance of the rural democratic governance;the unbalanced game of power structure leads to the blockage of state and village,which is manifested in the gap between national law and self-governing people,and the excessive interference of administrative action on autonomous action.In the main elements of governance,the obstruction of public organizations is embodied in the stratification of grassroots party organizations,the dysfunction of grassroots people's congresses and the imperfect construction of government responsibilities.The inherent limitations of autonomous organizations are: the deficiency of the autonomy organization function cause from the poor independent autonomy and the inhibition of autonomy organization right and the multi interests;the loss of rural elite is main reason of the poor representation of the rural elite and organizational mobilization.Because of history,culture,system security and other reasons Chinese farmers often ignore the interests of the status quo and the rights of desalination,which is also the main reason that leads the realization implementation dilemma of rural political interests.The problem of the realization of contemporary Chinese peasants' political interests is the unity of history and reality.Under the current situation of the non-equilibrium of the current rural governance structure elements and the obstacle of the realization of channel obstruction,carefully explore the problem of restricting the realization of the political interests of Chinese peasants,which steam from the interests of the realization of the structure of internal and operational "ills",but also from the rural governance structure does not meet the requirements of modern state governance.In view of this,from the realization of political interests and normative theory of governance structure,combined with practical experience,to explore the optimal path to promote the political interests of farmers from the "theoretical-realistic" dual dimensions.In the study of optimization path,on the one hand,it is necessary to analyze the internal causality between the realization of the political interests of the peasants and the state power based on the legitimacy of the national legitimacy and the peasants' political interests.Based on this association,the framework of the protection of power and the optimization of democratic rights is established.On the other hand,it is also necessary to cultivate the value and responsibility of the autonomous subject under the framework of "excellent governance" from the perspectives of peasants 'political participation and consensus construction,and put forward the concrete realization of the peasants' political interests in the view of balanced interchanges suggestions.