Study On Local Government's Path On Precaution Of Mass Incidents Triggered By Land Expropriation (MITLE)

Ensuring the security of land expropriation and maintaining the stability of society are local governments'responsibilities and functions which are given by the state. The days after the reform and opening-up policy have witnessed a rapid development of China's urbanization. Large-scale land expropriation has triggered a series of disputes and contradictions, and mass incidents triggered by land expropriation (MITLE) have happened occasionally. In the face of the complicated MITLE, Chinese local governments have taken series of preventive measures, which gradually forming the local government's path featuring Chinese characteristics on precaution of MITLE. This study, by means of risk management theory, self-organization theory, dissipation structure theory, elaborates the basic principle of MITLE precaution in theory, meanwhile it deconstructs the basic properties of precaution path from three dimensions of the path thickness, the path width and the path length. Furthermore this study also divides local government's MITLE precaution path into three types, namely the organization administration and control path, policy decision and control path and comprehensive adjusting and control path, and expounds the basic form of each path through refining the conclusion from a large number of cases and field investigation research. And on this basis, the study interprets and depicts the MITLE precaution path structure of local government, and constructs the system dynamics model of local government's MITLE precaution path. At the same time, taking Wuhan city as an example, this study makes a simulation of the local government's MITLE precaution path? then evaluates the path characteristics of MITLE precaution system under various path model and finally optimized direction and strategies of MITLE precaution path have been put forward. The main conclusions of this study are as followings:(1) The fundamental attributes of local government's MITLE precaution path can be deconstructed into three dimensions:the path thickness, the path width, and the path length. The path thickness is the basic platform on which the whole MITLE precaution path operates. The path width determines the outer boundary of the precaution path. The path length refers to the action cycle that a complete precaution steps or order require. Specifically, the path thickness including three levels:cushion layer, base layer and surface layer, the overall constitute MITLE precaution roadbed; path width restricts the whole precaution activities within limited ranges by certain basic principles and procedures, and it can be divided into absolute width and relative width which are respectively drawn by four boundary lines:the laws and regulations, administrative procedures, administrative ability and strategy collection. Path length should grasp the key steps, including policy preparations, risk assessment, program setting, organization control, dispute mediation, rights and interests protection, etc.(2) The overall local government's MITLE precaution path can be divided into three types:the organization administration and control path, policy decision and control path and comprehensive adjusting and control path. The organization administration and control path is to set up according organizations of MITLE precaution based on organizational targets, regulate the duties and positions of the organization structure, assure responsibilities and allocate relevant staff, property, and goods, and finally implement practical organizational management process. The policy decision and control path is to make a good use of the policy's function of guide, administration, control, allocation and regulation based on policy target. Additionally it is to make or refresh current policies, regulations and laws in order to control the direction of MITLE precaution, and to guide, regulate and restrict local government's MITLE precaution behavior in a macro way. The comprehensive adjusting and control path includes the measures except the two paths above, including the administrative reconsideration, coordination decision, land expropriation petition, the people's mediation, police intervention, etc., which are various and flexible.(3) The local government's MITLE precaution is in accordance with the characteristics of dissipation structure, and the whole precaution process is an interactive process of positive entropy and negative entropy in the dissipation structure. Furthermore, the precaution path is the negative entropy's input path. It takes specific precaution measures such as the organization administration and control path, policy decision and control path, comprehensive adjusting and control path to introduce negative entropy to suppress positive entropy. When the negative entropy input exceeds a certain threshold, and it far exceeds the positive entropy conflict energy's growth rate to complete the offset with positive entropy flow and breakthrough the behavior critical point of precaution system, forming a certain energy gradient and potential difference. As a result, it makes the whole precaution system to form the orderly state in time, space or function, additionally the whole precaution system gets into the macro and orderly dissipation structure state, then conflict problems are basically eliminated, and the whole precaution system tends to be stable.(4) The optimization and selection of precaution path can be undertaken from three aspects in all:macro, meso and micro. First of all, the macro precaution path should gradually change the idea from passive defense to active defense, and active defense mainly includes five steps:precaution preparation, risk monitoring, conflict early warning, conflict response and conflict tracking. Secondly, meso precaution path belongs to the basic path, which is at the foundation position in the whole MITLE precaution process. It needs to break the current dependence of path and is gradually optimized with three steps: path repairing, path breakthrough and path beyond. Finally, micro precaution path belongs to application path, and the main contents of this optimization includes the optimization of land expropriation organization structure, the main responsibility, department collaboration, people's mediation and business process, etc.