The Study Of The Literati Seal Carving In The Late Ming Dynasty And Early Qing Dynasty

The late Ming is a political,economic,culture,art,thought big change period,under the big changes of this age,the thought of the literati began to diversity and artistic development,a large number of scholars to participate in the seal cutting art,made for the first time in China has a history of literati seal cutting of big development,and seal cutting art is growing rapidly,can say late Ming qing dynasty literati seal cutting is accompanied by the change of the society at that time and the occurrence and development.Under such background,the political,economic and thought of society have exerted a profound influence on the art of seal cutting.In politics,especially the imperial examination system,as the number of imperial examination has admitted to a large increase in the number of almost remain the same,makes a lot of scholars have to give up career and engaged in other industries,and in the choice of industry,medical,solo,the number of business accounted for the proportion of the vast,it led to the development of seal cutting art is very important foundation of culture and people,that is important to late Ming qing dynasty seal cutting can flourish.And the development of commodity economy,but also to promote the business between identity,rise to businessmen,implying no longer to be seen as the base industry,seal to be the object of the literati play,businessmen,collection,this directly push forward the seal cutting art,but also effectively prompted the formation of seal cutting art market.After the late Ming dynasty,the printing industry flourished due to the development of commodity economy.The printing spectrum also appeared in large Numbers,including a large number of collection of ancient printing and printing spectra,and individual printing,etc.The mass popularization of the printing spectrum,which provides students with the ability to learn and "mimic",has played a direct role in the development of the art of seal cutting.Affected by the social ideological trend,"accounts" and "the pursuit of personality liberation" has become the mainstream in the late Ming dynasty society thought,under the influence of the ideological trend,emerged a large number of "wild" and "Juan Jie",at the same time also appeared a lot of "chi","addiction",they engaged in seal cutting art,make the seal cutting art to the "new" into the ancient road.Their exploration and innovation in the art of seal cutting art has injected vitality into the art of seal carving.Before the Ming,seals for more material,such as copper,teeth,wood carving tools or casting or sculpture,late start,the introduction of the stone has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of the seal cutting,produced the seal stone "blunt knife method","cutting knife method",which makes the seal cutting art cast off the yoke of the artisans,have their own approach;On words,the "HaoYi accounts" thought,they actively explore,will "prose",",the word " even miscellaneous introduction of seals,although to a certain extent,the seal cutting art toward " version ",but they explore make has accumulated rich experience,let the posterity go many detours less,at the same time,especially for "printed outside" laid a solid foundation;In composition and seal frame form,they or learning from ancient India,or centrifuge,coruscate gives a thriving vitality to seal cutting art,although individual works by the world ridiculed as "ancient",but their exploring spirit has deeply influenced the later generations.