| The Thesis focus on the twentieth century Zen thought research retrospective.Through observe and study, we can found that most researchers in the Zen thought research field before the early 1980s has different cultural standpoints. There are three main standpoints among them: Westernization, Chinese culture corpus and Marxism.But no matter which standpoint they belong, most of them developed a critical distance from Zen thought research and planing the future where Chinese culture research will go. Except these, the Chinese Buddhist community also influenced the Zen thought research deeply, they made a great contribution of pushing Buddhism become more modernization.academic and rationalization. By chosen different paths to achieve this aim, there are two different groups among the Chinese Buddhist community based on two different standpoints: Chinese Buddhism standpoint and Indian Buddhism standpoint. Because the group which adherent Indian Buddhism standpoint likely to rebel against old traditions, they insist critical attitude on the Zen thought research.After 1980s, as cross-strait relations improve, the cross-strait academic exchange forge a path toward a more pluralism and healthy development. Because Taiwan、Hong Kong.Macao academia keeps in close contact with the foreign academia and continues Hu Shi and Yin Shun’s research tradition, they toward pluralism more early.The mainland academia get rid of ideology, toward the same development direction until "the cultural craze" and "Zen thought craze" which were arised at the end of 1980s and in 1992-1993 ushered the first Zen studies published upsurge. After that the mainland academia step on the same diversified and rationalization research path.Base on the analysis, This thesis is structured with eight chapters:The first chapter is an overview. Analysis the groups, ranges and characteristics of the 20th century Zen thought research.From the second to the fifth chapters will according to different culture standpoints divid the 20th century Zen thought research into four parts. The first part discuss the Westernization representative Hu Shi’s Zen thought research. Hu shi is the founder of modern Zen thought research, there has been many papers analyzed his thought. The thesis will reanalyze these papers to reflect Chinese social change since the 20th century and the attitude shift in academic research in Hu shi’s Zen thought research. Based on the reanalyze to give my own understanding of Hu Shi’s Zen thought research. The second part is the review and re-thinking of the Zen thought research in Buddhist community. The person mentioned in this part were all important monks and householders and their Zen thought research all incline to defend their faith. Because they chosen different paths to achieve modernization of Buddhism,they also can be divided into two groups: Indian Buddhism standpoint (lv Cheng, Yin Shun and so on), Chinese Buddhism standpoint (Tai Xu, Sheng Yan and so on). The group which adherent Indian Buddhism standpoint insist critical attitude on the Zen thought research. This chapter will focus on the group’s Zen thought research, try to explain their aim to modernization of Buddhism and how their research method affecting modern Buddhism academic research. The third part is the review and re-thinking of the Zen thought research by the group which insist Chinese culture corpus standpoint. Their Chinese culture corpus standpoint was shaped by the Chinese-West cultural discussion in modern Chinese history. In Buddhism research,the group’s research results concentrated on the historical field and scholars like Tang-Yongtong, Chen-Yinque,Chen Yuan have made outstanding contributions. After 1949, the Chinese culture corpus research standpoint become prevailing in Taiwan and Hong Kong, Neo-Confucian become its main research power. The character of Neo-Confucian’s research on Zen thought is to reconcile Confucian philosophy with Buddhist philosophy, focus on given traditional Confucian ethics and Buddhist philosophy a present-day annotation and to seek a constructive dialogue between Western and Chinese philosophies. Although there is a few research results of Neo-Conducian’s Zen thought research, they made important contributions to philosophy interpretation of Zen thought and communication with Western philosophies. The fourth part discuss the Zen thought research from Maxist perspective, it will focus on the mainland academia research status after the founding of China and before the cultural revolution. The Maxist Zen thought research is a typical example of "textbooks age", it characteristic by its rigidity thinking patterns and value criticism.The Sixth chapter is generally reviews of the Zen thought research made by other Taiwan, Hong Kong and overseas Chinese scholars. Because Taiwan academia is mainstream among them, we will only focus on Taiwan academia’s influence on modern Zen thought research. Taiwan academia keeps close contact with the Buddhist community and most of their scholars got degrees abroad, so multiplicity is a important characteristic of Taiwan Zen thought research. In this chapter, we will through time feature classification to analysis their research results, to understand the position, method and problems related to these research results.The seventh chapter will introduce the pluralistic Zen thought research guided by Marxism, focus on the Zen thought research by the time from reform and opening up to the end of 20th century. The year 1985 divided this period into two sub-periods. The early period was recovery period, the main job in this period is to introduced oversea(mainly Japanese) and Taiwan scholars’ works and re-compilation of literature, in order to lay the groundwork for future research. The basic conceptions for idea explains has not too much changed. After 1985, from aesthetics and Culturology view to analysis Zen thought become another breakthrough idea. Until "the cultural craze"and "Zen thought craze" which were arised at the end of 1980’s, there were many young scholars chose Zen thought research as their dissertation topics. It made the mainland Zen thought research ushered more breakthroughs on history of ideas research, and it also made this kind of Zen thought research method to become one of famous doctrines in the filed of social science research. The chapter will make recovery period.Zen thought craze.the first Zen studies published upsurge and so on as clues, combine with different social backgrounds、zeitgeists and important research results, to analysis the characters and methods of Zen thought research in different stages.The eighth chapter is examine modern Zen thought research under multi-cultural vision. The diversity of research methods^ research approaches and standpoints are the basic characteristics of modern Zen thought research. The chapter will analysis the dilemma and prospect of modern Zen thought research by combine the examine with the important results of decades Zen thought research.We found teleology research method was highlighted under the rational and science background. It depended on the turbulent social situation of China society and the peculiarity of its subjects.In modern Zen thought research, various standpoints and methods are coexist.It’s only twenty years after our academic research steped into a rational, objective age.Although during hundreds years, "rational and science" as a slogan prevailing in Chinese academia, it’s less to become real research method. Zen as a religion, Zen thought research as a religion research faced more complicated conflicts. In order to break through the bottleneck of the research on Zen thought, we should reconstructs the subjectivity of Zen thought as a kind of Buddhism philosophy, do not follow blindly to Western religion theory or separate philosophical speculation from religion,maintain proper distance with ideology, break through traditional classical explanation,allow different standpoints coexist. |
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