The Spread Of Chinese Rap Literature In Japan

Chinese Ballad Literature,also named as singing and saying literature,is the literature copy of Ballad Arts.According to Chinese ballad literature documents such as History of Chinese Folk Culture and General History of Chinese Folk Art Forms,Bian Wen in Tang Dynasty,Speaking Skill in Song Dynasty,Zhugong Tune in Jin Dynasty,Tanci and Baojuan etc.In Ming Dynasty and Pinghua or Popular Songs in Qing Dynasty and Tanci and Pinghua in the Republic of China era all belong to this category.The historical status of ballad literature has not been acknowledged.This is partly because ballad literature is mainly passed down in an oral form and lacks enough written material and also because it is a form of pop culture.For a long time in ancient China ballad literature hadn't been emphasized and collected.Few ballad literature materials had been stored before the Tang dynasty.While Japan has a tradition of learning from China since the Tang dynasty and since that time many Chinese ballad literature materials have been collected both by the government and among the common people.Many modern copies of the famous ballad literature are actually reversely flown back from Japan.For example,poetry on Xuanzang's pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures,All Five Kinds of Popular Stories,Two Volumes of Slapping are all discovered in Japan and transferred back to China.These art works have greatly enriched the histories of Chinese literature,Chinese novels and ballad literature.Thus it is of urgent demand and necessary to explore into the spreading and influence of Chinese ballad literature in Japan in a diversified and complete perspective.After Meijirshinin the later 19th century,European literature ideas and histolicalviewpoints were introduced to Japan and exerted great influence in the Japanese circle.In Chinese literature research circle,there have appeared an area of research on Chinese popular literature beginning from Furuki Zhenyoshi's Chinese literature history and Goshima Yoshiro's Chinese liteature history.After Wang Guowei published Hisory of Song and Yuan Opera,the Chinese studies circle in Japan responded with the publication of Shiotani's Speech on Chinese Literature introduction.Hence folk literature began to draw people's attention.In History of Chinese Folk Literature,Zheng Zhengduo classified Chinese folk literature into five categories:poems,novels,drama,ballad and games.Ballad was divided into"Bianwen" "Zhugong Tune" "Baojuan" "Tan Ci"and;"Gu Ci",on which basis this research is carried out.The dissertation is consisted of introduction and the main body.The main body contains eight chapters.The scholars have played an important role in the spreading of Chinese ballad literature in Japan,hence the focus of this research is based on the collection and research of these scholars.Chapter one is an introduction.It points out the significance of this research after a literature review and sums up the collection of Chinese ballad literature in Japan and clarifies the scope of this research.Chapter two illustrates the spread and research of Bianwen in Japan.The discovery of Dunhuang Scriptures in the early 20th century is a great event for Chinese studies both at home and abroad,in which a great number of ballad literature works have been conserved.The Japanese began to pay close attention to Dunhuang documents after a French scholar released Dunhuang files.In December 1909,a Japanese scholar published "Classics in Dunhuang Stone Hall" on a Japanese magazine,which was the first report and comment about Dunhuang cultural relics in Japan.On the 12th of December 1909,Asahi Shimbun in Tokyo and Osaka gave a large coverage about this entitled "Discoveries at Dunhuang Stone Hall".This chapter analyzes the background of the spread of it in the section of "the Spreading Subject of Dunhuang Bian Wen".In the section of "Research of Dunhuang Bian Wen in Japan",researches of both old and new scholars have been streamlined.In the section of "the spread of Bian Wen Stories in Japan",comparison and analysis have been carried out between Maudgalyayana Bian Wen and Wang Zhaojun Bian Wen and Japanese Bian Wen stories.Chapter Three focuses on the discovery,collection,translation and research of Xuanzang's pilg,rimage for Buddhist Scriptures and New Carving of Xuzang's Pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures.In 1743 Xuanzang's pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures and New Carving of Xuzang's Pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures were discovered in Japan and both of them are the only existing copies.During its spreading in Japan,photostat copies,typographies and hand-written copies of Xuanzang s pilgrimage for Buddhist Scriptures and the translated versions of it have occured.Chapter four deals with the spread and research of Zhugong Tune in Japan.In 1907 aberrant copies of Zhugong Tune by Liu Zhiyuan were found.No Naoki unveiled it to the public and asserted that it was the origin of Yuan Drama and would be enlightening,thus laid the direction of research.Aoki Masaru did further research on it and explored the content of Zhugong Tune and its status in Chinese literature history.The book Research on Tung Chieh-yuan's Zhugong Tune of the Romance of West Chamber is a great contribution to the research of Tung Chieh-yuan's Zhugong Tune of the Romance of West Chamber.Tianbao Anecdotes Zhugong Tune has not drawn the scholars' attention as the former two,thus it still remains to be researched.Chapter five deals with the spread and research of Baojuan in Japan.As an important part of Ballad literature,Chinese Baojuan study has received more and more attention.After Zheng Zhenduo published Song recorded Syria,Japanese scholars began to pay attention to the collection and research of Chinese Baojuan.This chapter reflects and summarizes the research of Chinese Baojuan from the following three perspectives:collection and research of Baojuan before and after WWII.in 1980s and 1990s and at present.Chapter six focuses on the spread of Tan Ci in Japan from the four perspective of research,collection,stage media and academic exchanges.In the aspect of stage media and academic exchange,research mainly focuses on the exchange of Suzhou Tan Ci and Japan.Chapter seven deals with the spread of Book of Muyu Songs in Japan.It streamlines and analyzes the spread and research of Book of Muyu Songs in Japan.Chapter 8 is about the spread of Gu Ci and Qing Songs in Japan.It introduces the collection and research of Gu Ci and Qing Songs in Japan.Chapter nine deals with the spread of Pinghua in Japan.Besides introducing the collection of Pinghua in Japan,it analyzes the spread and research of works like All five kinds of popular stories,The New Five Dynasties,Incidents of Xuanhe Period in Song Dynasty,Qingping Shantang scripts and Two Volumes of Slapping.Chapter ten involves the spread of Chinese ballad literature in Japan and summarizes the spreading features of Chinese ballad literature in Japan.It introduces the collection of copies of populars folk songs,lotus melody and cross-talk in Japan.These features are summarized from the aspects of cultural invasion with political purposes,traveling of Japanese scholars,communication with China,selling of collected books,technological improvements in documents spreading and governmental financial support.Chapter eleven is illustrates the collection of other forms of ballads such as copies of populars folk songs,lotus melody and cross-talk which have not been fully concerned by Japanese scholars.