Soil Characteristics, Function And Palaeoenvironment In Yangshao Cultural Relic Site

Theories of soil genesis,quaternary geology and archeology were applied to an soil section without interference from ancient human and a soil section with obvious evidence of human activities at Yangshao Village cultural relic site,Henan Province.Meanwhile,Soil samples of relics in different function areas of ancient activities such as groundwork,diet,urn burial,pottery kiln were collected.Based on observation of soil structure and intrusion and analysis of soil physical chemical properties,micromorphology,phytolith,pollen and charcoal,characteristics of relic soil were summarized.Based on the characteristics,the influence of ancient human activities on soil development,the attribution of relic soil in CST,the function of soil cultural heritage and the ecoltion of paleoenvironment were researched.The brief results are as follows:(1)under the effect of ancient human activities,soil contained abundant ash pit,pottery,stoneware and remains,the value of soil color was low,with high χlf and a bit low χfd the content of sand increased,average grain diameter was large,free iron and ionization degree decreased,the content of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 was low,while the content of CaO and P was high,the type of clay mineral is relatively singular,the content of kaolinite was high,the micromorphology in pottery kiln showed party of quartz and clay minerals was in vitrification,the micromorphology in diet abundant organic waste and charcoal was existed,the content of Gramineae and Artemisia was high,the phytolith of setaria italic,panicum miliaceum,oryza sativa was founded,the content of charcoal was high which indicated fire,δ13C indicated plants were dominated by C4.(2)housing,fire using and pottery manufacture basically hindered soil development,while burying promoted soil development.While fire using hindered surrounding soil development,loosen texture facilitating up layer’s material leaching,promoting down layer development.(3)3 schemes of relic soil in CST were proposed,the first one was adding a new soil subclass of technic anthroposols that contains new soil group of anthrolinic technic and relic technic anthroposols,which contain new subgroup of relic anthrolinic anthropsols,phosphic relic technic anthroposols and ordinary relic technic anthroposols.This scheme is the most suitable.The second one was adding a new soil group of technic anthropic primosols,whichcontain a new soil subgroup of relic technic anthropic primosols,the last one was adding a new soil subgroup of relic anthraltic anthropic primosols.(4)The index system for evaluating function of soil culture historical heritage was mainly divided into two categories,including qualitative remains and quantitative diagnosis.The ranking of scientific research value in relic,remains and diagnostic characteristics was used to help establishing a evaluation criteria and subdivided the site into 6 functional areas.Coinciding with the ancient land usage grade map,evaluation results proposed suggestions for relic protection and land use.(5)Based on the results of the comprehensive analysis of the climatic substitute indexes of natural sections,taking the results of the analysis of climatic substitute indexes of cultural profile as supplementary evidence,the palaeoenvironment was reconstructed.10~6.9 ka BP,weather keeps warming up till stay still,resulted in the formatoin of Yangshao culture.6.9~5.6 ka BP,climate fluctuated,generally turning into drought,the relationship between man and land might be contradictory.5.6~4 ka BP,dry and cold climate leaded to the decline of Yangshao culture.After 4 ka BP,the climate became dry and cold,there was a major flood event,the region’s culture gradually declined.