The Study Of Chinese Characters Planning

For a long time, the academic circle always viewed Chinese characters planning as part of Chinese planning. Due to Chinese characters is the most important auxiliary communication tool of Chinese, the above view not only reflected the close relationship between Chinese characters and Chinese, but also maintained the integrity of Chinese planning study. However, facing the increasingly serious Chinese characters planning issues nowadays, we should set out from the characteristics of Chinese characters, put more emphasis on the independence of Chinese characters planning, and give full play to the social functions of Chinese characters planning. Based on this, we chose The Study of Chinese Characters Planning as the topic of this dissertation, and concentrated on answering the following five questions.(1) Why should we carry out the specialized study of Chinese characters planning? What are the properties and definition of it?(2) What ancient and modern evolution did Chinese characters planning experience?(3) What experience did we gain through Chinese characters planning practice of other regions and countries?(4) What are the main categories of Chinese characters planning? What are the classification basis and theoretical connotation of it?(5) What are the current issues of Chinese characters planning? How should we deal with them effectively?Although Chinese characters planning is dependent to Chinese planning to some extent, its independence is significant as well. In other words, Chinese characters planning has two attributes at the same time, namely dependence and independence. This view could be confirmed by the social functions of Chinese characters planning, which are national identity function, social communication function, educational enlightment function, and cultural transmission function. On the one hand, due to Chinese characters planning beneficially supplemented Chinese planning in terms of national identity function and social communication function, it is dependent on Chinese planning to a certain degree; on the other hand, as Chinese characters' meaning forms and cultural inheritance endowed Chinese characters planning special advantages beyond Chinese planning in aspects of educational enlightment function and cultural transmission function, so independence is also a remarkable attribute of Chinese characters planning. According to this, we should stress and value the independence of Chinese characters planning in the basis of admitting its dependence, and give Chinese characters planning an academic definition as well. The so-called Chinese characters planning refers to government agencies, social groups, academic scholars and individuals both at home and abroad enacting Chinese characters policies, making Chinese characters laws, writing Chinese characters specifications, and so on, to prospectively guide and regulate the political status, ontology elements (such as the form, the pronunciation, the amout, the order, etc), social use, domestic education and overseas spread of Chinese characters; in order to properly deal with its political issues, social issues, educational issues and transmissional issues, and make Chinese characters better serve the society.From ancient times until now, Chinese characters planning experienced different stages, namely the enlightment period, the growth period, the changing and exploration period, and the revolution and stabilization period. After thousands of years'evolution, Chinese characters planning not only established a comparatively complete administrative guidance system, but also expanded its practice scope, which covered a number of planning areas, such as status planning, form planning, pronunciation planning, amout planning, order planning, dictionaries planning, social use planning, education planning, transmission planning, social activities planning, and so on. Studies have shown that the characteristics of Chinese characters planning in different stages are as follows:in the enlightment period(pre-Qin period), Chinese characters planning was simple in content and primitive in form; in the growth period (from Qin dynasty to Qing dynasty), Chinese characters planning paid attention to the unification of Chinese characters, which served the autocratic rule; in the changing and exploration period (the republic of China period). Chinese characters planning laid emphasis on the improvement of Chinese characters, and highlighted the popularity of it; in the revolution and stabilization period (the new China period), Chinese characters planning attached importance on the macro guidance, and emphasized on the specification of Chinese characters.Except for Chinese mainland, the experience of Chinese characters planning in different regions, such as Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwai; and Sinosphere states such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand, is worth of studying. The experience of Chinese characters planning in Hong Kong and Macao lies in the bi-character policy, and using the traditional Chinese characters or its simplified form at will. The experience of Taiwan's Chinese characters planning lies in viewing the traditional Chinese characters as the upright form, while using the simplified form at the same time. The experience of Chinese characters planning in Japan lies in the classification of Chinese characters, and the emphsis on application. The experience of Chinese characters planning in South Korea lies in the education-first policy, and using Korean and Chinese characters simultaneously. The experience of Chinese characters planning in Singapore lies in the comprehensive simplication of tranditional Chinese characters, and digital teaching. The experience of Chinese characters planning in Malaysia and Thailand lie in their timely simplication of Chinese characters, and the spreading of simplified Chinese characters.Chinese characters planning has four categories, which are political category, social category, educational category and transmissional category. The reasons for this classification are as follows:firstly, it can avoid the disadvantages of type division; secondly, the four categories can correspond to the social functions of Chinese characters planning, which in turn highlight the theoretical mainline of this article; thirdly, this kind of division will help to uncover the nature and law of Chinese characters planning. The theoretical connotation of the four categories lies in:the political category refers to status planning of Chinese characters, which represented by the difference between dominant planning and hidden planning during the feudal period, reservation vs. abolition of Chinese characters during the republic of China period, and characters equality during the new China period; the social category refers to social use planning of Chinese characters, which represented by unification of Chinese characters during the feudal period, improvement of Chinese characters during the republic of China period, and standardization of Chiense characters during the new China period; the educational category refers to domestic education planning of Chinese characters, which represented by the power of Chinese characrters during the feudal period, enlightment of Chinese characrters during the republic of China period, and construction of Chinese characters ability in recent years; the transmissional category refers to overseas transmission planning of Chinese characters, which represented by communication of Chinese characters during the feudal period, teaching of Chinese characters during the initial stage of new China, and promotion of Chinese characters after the new millennium.The current Chinese characters planning issues can be divided into four types, which are political issues, social issues, educational issues and transmissional issues. The political issues include status definition of the letter words and international status planning of Chinese characters; the social issues include domestic use of traditional Chinese characters, the regulation of Chinese characters used in place names and people's names, the management of Chinese characters used in webs, and information industry construction of Chinese characters; the educational issues include the maintenance of Chinese characters' education security and the improvement of Chinese characters' writing ability; the transmissional issues include the overseas spread of simplified Chinese characters and the exploration of Chinese characters teaching. Faced with them, we suggest:in terms of the status definition of letter words, we should make clear the nature of letter words and distinguish its political status and functional status; in terms of the international status planning of Chinese characters, we should avoid characters hegemony, actively respond to the challenge of great powers' characters, and aim at the gaining of the international voice; in terms of the domestic use of traditional Chinese characters, we should clarify the relationship between traditional and simplified Chinese characters, consolidate the general status of simplified Chinese characters in social use, formulate a specialized table on traditional Chinese characters, and carry out a variety of activities concerned with traditional Chinese characters; in terms of the regulation of Chinese characters used in place names, we should combine the specification view with the practical view, the choosing of Chinese characters with cultural heritage, the benefit of government and people with that of the enterprises, and localization with internationalization; in terms of the regulation of Chinese characters used in people's names, we should absorb the planning experience of other countries, carry out dynamic monitoring of name characters, improve laws on the use of Chinese characters in people's names, and develop a recommended table of Chinese characters used in people's names; in terms of the management of Chinese characters used in webs, we should recognize the nature of the new web characters and limit the scope of its use; in terms of the information industry construction of Chinese characters, we should foster a sense of protecting the intellectual property rights, improve the construction of the information law on Chinese characters, and pay attention to the upgrading of information industry concerned with Chinese characters; in terms of the maintenance of Chinese characters'education security, we should lift the safety awareness of Chinese characters education, pay emphasis on every stage of characters teaching, and reasonably deploy the strategies of foreign language education; in terms of the improvement of Chinese characters'writing ability, we should face up to the character amnesia problem, strengthen the writing education of Chines characters, and don't forget the root of Chinese culture contained in Chinese characters; in terms of the overseas spread of simplified Chinese characters, we should abandon the misconception that traditional and simplified Chinese characters are contradictory, make full use of the form advantage of simplified Chinese characters, and increase cultural introduction of simplified Chinese characters; in terms of the exploration of the teaching of Chinese characters, we should strengthen the macro policy guidance, build up a propagation mode of Chinese characters teaching, and open up cultural corridors closely related to Chinese characters.