| Why Marx is right, a book written by the contemporary English philosopher Terry Eagleton and published in2011, has proved the validity of Marxism from ten aspects. As far as I'm concerned, the most basic reason for the validity of Marxism lies in that it has uncovered the laws governing the development of human society. It is also scientifically and valuably integrated. Marxism is scientific because it reveals the laws of the development of human society; whereas it is of significant value because it points the way for human liberation. In view of these, I choose to focus my doctoral dissertation on the law of the development of Marx's social concepts. In our China, guided by Marxism, it has been well acknowledged that Mark discovered the laws of the development of human society. However, in some other countries, especially in western countries, many theorists may not really understand Marxism, and there is still much to do for the popularity of such theory. That's another reason for my choice in the dissertation.Besides, in consideration of the following two aspects, I choose to have further study on Marxism in my dissertation. First, Mark's theories on the development of human society are the core and footstone of Marxism. To fully grasp Marxism, it is very essential to understand Mark's theories on the development of human society with practices. Second, the success of Chinese characteristic socialism contributes to our studies on the laws of socialism construction and development, the premise of which is the mastery of Mark's theories on the development of human society. So to speak, my study in the dissertation is the theoretical preparation of the social practices in future. And my dissertation mainly focuses on Mark's theories on the development of human society.With what I have mentioned above, I will introduce the framework of my dissertation in the following paragraph.The dissertation consists of the Introduction and the other five chapters. In Introduction, I make a description of the background, contents and methods of my study. Chapter one mainly introduces the logical starting points of Mark's theories on the development of human society. Chapter two sorts out the origins of Mark's theories on the development of human society. Chapter three states the basic contents of the theories. Chapter four relates the features of the theories. Chapter five discusses the value of the theories in the contemporary society. Generally speaking, the dissertation can be divided into three parts. Part one, including the first two chapters, analyzes the grounds of the origin of Mark's theories on the development of human society, namely, the philosophical source--practical materialism, the logical starting point—practices and other theories in reality. Part two, including chapter three and chapter four, explores Mark's theories on the development of human society from the perspectives of their contents and specific features. Part three, that is chapter five, states the application and development of Mark's viewpoints on social laws. Those three parts constitutes Mark's theories on the development of human society, and the part two is the key point.We always mention Mark's theories on the development of human society, but have you asked yourself:"What are they?" As for this question, it's really quite difficult to give a convincing answer to it. The same case happens when it comes to the question "What is Marxism?" This dissertation summarizes Mark's theories on the development of human society in "three theories" and "three principles"."Three theories" refer to the theory of social organism, the theory of the driving force of social development, and the theory of the laws of social development, which are the core contents of Mark's theories on the development of human society and are presented in the chapter three. Whereas the "three principles" refer to the periodicity, objectivity and advancement during the process of social development. Those are regarded as the three basic features of Mark's theories on the development of human society and are discussed in the chapter four. Logically speaking, the "core contents" is much more essential than the "basic features", because the former one answers the question "what is Marxism?", while the latter answers the question "How is Marxism presented?". It's obvious that the latter one is the representation of the former one. In view of this, we can properly define and understand Mark's theories on the development of human society, so that we can have a through discussion on Marxism in a defined circle.Except for the collation of Mark's theories on the development of human society, the dissertation also challenges and analyzes the traditional concepts related to the theories. For example, when it comes to Mark's theories on the development of human society, the existing teaching materials, papers or even books see the fundamental social contradictions as the basic laws of social development and the ultimate power of social development. The author disapproves of the opinion, in that the claim is redundant, and it doesn't make any sense theoretically to think of the fundamental social contradictions as the driving force of social development.Thus, based on the text analysis of Marxism, the dissertation puts forward that the power of social development includes the basic power—material production and the power of efficiency—science and technologies, and that the fundamental social contradictions are not in the category of Mark's theories on the power of social development, which are discussed in the chapter three. Another example is that some theorists regarded the theories of Marxism on the five forms or stages during the process of social development as laws. However, the author argues that the five forms are the five stages of social development, which is the representation the basic social laws rather than the laws themselves. This is detailed discussed in the chapter four. The purpose of the challenges and analyses to the traditional understanding of Marxism is to properly define Mark's theories on the development of human society, clarify some ambiguous understanding of the theories, and standardize the concepts and the research categories of Marxism.The dissertation also puts forward some personal views to some questions, such as "Why does the society progress?". As for some questions like this, many theorists approached with descriptive analysis, lacking in convincing argumentation. On the basis of the manuscripts on the economics between the years1857to1858, this dissertation holds the opinion that there are two intrinsic factors influencing social development. The first factor is the accumulation of the practices of human beings, which is the prime condition for the possibility of social development. The second one is that the advancement of the creative activities of social subjects decides the likelihood of social development. Take the K. Popper event as another example. It was believed that the event was an accidental one rather a specific one. It was also believed that the event could not be repeated and there were no regular patterns for history. However, the author holds a different view that it is impossible to repeat a social or historical event, but social phenomena can be repeated. The author also argues that K. Popper's viewpoint is groundless because to some degree historical events mirror the social phenomena, which is the representation of the social nature. Of course, the above discussions are just my personal views, which need to be proved and further studied.What I have mentioned above is the framework of my dissertation. And the validity of my understanding of Mark's theories on the development of human society needs the advice from the scholars on Marxism. The research choice of Mark's theories on the development of human society is worth my lifelong study, because it is so broad and profound that we could not fully grasp it simply through one dissertation.I firmly believe that Marx is always together with us!... |
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