| Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma（SACC）is a kind of epitheliogenic malignant tumor,accounting for 11 percent of all salivary gland tumors and 24 percent of salivary gland malignant tumors.It often presents in patients aged from 40-60 years and there are no obvious variations in the incidence rate between males and females.SACC is most common in minor salivary glands and other smaller glands of major salivary glands,especially the palatine gland,submaxillary gland and sublingual gland.SACC only occupies 2-3 per cent of parotid tumor.SACC is extremely invasive featuring a high infiltration rate.It easily transfers to surrounding tissues through neurovascular bundles.It can also be transferred to lung,brain,bone,liver and other tissues through blood circulation.The post-operative recurrence and metastasis rates are 16-85 and 25-55 percent respectively,with the metastasis rate in the lung as high as 70-100 percent.Hence,patients suffer from poor levels of successful prognosis and lower rate of post-operative survival.Oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors are difficult to treat due to their location and impact on facial aesthetics and physical function.This has had a significantly detrimental impact on patients’physical and mental wellbeing.Modern tumor therapeutics consists of three pillars including tumor surgery,tumor chemotheraphy and tumor radiation oncology.These three therapies including surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy are distinguished from but complimentary to each other.the roles they play in tumor treatment cannot be substituted.These three therapeutic methods,which have been organically integrated,based upon improvements in each method made by tumor exports in different fields,are most necessary for modern tumor therapy.With the development of genetics,immunology and molecular biology,and other disciplines,the researches on tumor drugs have transitioned from cytotoxic drugs towards novel antineoplastic drugs,including Growth Factor Inhibitor,Resistance Reversal Agent,Tumor Angiogenesis Inhibitor,Biological Response Modifier,Genetic Engineering Drugs Precursor and other research.Phytohormone is referred to as a plant natural hormone or plant endogenous hormone,which is produced by plant self-metabolism.This molecular organic compound may be simple but it has comprehensive physiological effects,which can be generated within lower concentrations.Phytohormone is capable of regulating plant cells’division and growth,differentiating tissues and organs,as well as affectingthe plantsdevelopment.For this reason,ithas applications for tumor treatment.Since 1942Researchers have separated Indole-3-acetic（IAA）from higher plants and undertaken scientific investigation into its impact on tumor cells.Horseradish Peroxidase（HRP）is one type of plant peroxidase,which contains the Phytohormone hormone.It can oxidize IAA and other substrates.Current research has shown that IAA is not easily oxidized by human peroxidase due to its higher resistance within human bodies.It will only be oxidized to toxic metabolites in the presence of Horse Radish Peroxidase.However,the toxic metabolites only have atoxic effect on the tumor without damaging normal tissues.From two parts shown below,the experimental study will discuss the impact of IAA/HRP on the Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma tumor.It aims to promote new thinking regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.Part I:Impact ofIAA/HRP on Biological Behavior of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Aims:The study aims to build up a profile of the behavior of PACC-1561,the Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma tumor of the Parotid Gland System.It also adopts the cell line of human SACC,SACC-2,as a biological reference point.It will observe and report upon the impact of IAA/HRP on the biologicalbehavior of SACC-2 and PACC-1561 through an examination of its proliferation ability,periodic distribution,and theapoptosis of cells.Method:A CCK-8 was employed to examine cell proliferation during periods of exponential growth.The changes in cell cycle were then analyzed by flow cytometry.This research also used an investigative approach as defined in the operationmanual of theAnnexinV--PE Apoptosis Kit for the detection ofearly apoptosis.It discovered how the nuclear factor,NF-κBp65 mRNA,has expressed itself in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma tumor cells by adopting RT-PCR.It also similarly explored the expression of thec-Mybprotein within different groups of cells based on Western blotting.Results:·IAA/HRP causes the inhibition of cell growth,which has obvious differencescompared to control group（P<0.01）;·The result analyzed by flow cytometry shows that the cell cycle of IAA/HRPhas been blocked during G0-G1;·The cell apoptosis rate detected by flow cytometry increases significantly,when compared the level of AnnexinV-PE in cell between the experimental group and the control group;·The relative expression level of NF-κBp65mRNA,the Adenoid CysticCarcinoma turmor cell,in the experimental group is significantly lower than it is in the control group.The difference is of statistical significance.There are noobvious differences with comparison with the5-Fu,positive control group;and·The impact of IAA/HRP on cells will increase the expression of thetumorsuppressor gene,Bax protein,and decrease the expression of the tumor causingc-Mybprotein.Part II:Experimental Study on the Inhibiting Effect of IAA/HRP on the Transplantation Tumor Growth of Nude Mice’sAdenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells Aim:Further research is proposed to explore the inhibiting effect of IAA/HRP on the transplantation tumor growth on subject（nude mice）Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells.Method:·The model of tumor growth on the tumor-bearing nude mice first needs to beestablished.All mice are divided into 3 groups with 8 mice in each.These groups are namely…o blank control group;o 5-Fu positive control group;and o IAA/HRP experimental group;·The tumor is weighed after being removed from the euthanatized experimentgroup mouse on the 27th day.The inhibitory rate is then calculated.Theheart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,testicles,and other organs are then removed.The shape of organ cells is observed by HE staining,aiming to develop anunderstating of the toxic impact of drugs on organs.·The expression level of Survivin protein within different groups of tumortissues has been detected through western blotting;and·The expression level of MMP-2 and MMP-9mRNA has been discoveredthrough real-time fluorescence quantification.Results:·The weight of tumor in the IAA/HRP group,which is significantly lower thanin normal saline,displays no discernable difference from the 5-Fu group;·The weight of nude mice in the 5-Fu group is evidentlydifferent from that ofthe groups of normal saline and IAA/HRP.However,the significant differencedoes not exist between groups of normal saline and IAA/HRP;·It shows that there are no toxic effects of IAA/HRP on all nude mice observedby HEpathomorphology staining.·It is shown by Western blotting that there is a decrease in the Survivin stripdensity,similar to the expression of 5-Fu;and·The relative expression level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 detected by real-timefluorescence quantificationwithin the experimental group is obviously lowerthan in the control group,which is of statistical significance.Conclusions:1.IAA/HRP could effectivelyinhibit the cell growth and block the cell cycleduring G0-G1.It inhibits cell process towards the proliferation period andinduces earlier tumor cell apoptosis;2.IAA/HRP could cause significant decrease in the positive expression of NF-κBp65,which is not obviously different from the 5-FU group.Meanwhile,IAA/HRP could also reduce the expression of c-Myb protein;3.IAA/HRP could inhibit the tumor growth because its inhibiting effects ontumor-bearing nude mice’s Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Cells.There is noobvious effect of IAA/HRP on the weight and organs of tumor-bearing nudemice;and4.IAA/HRP could prevent tumor cells from transferring and invadingthroughinhibiting the viability of MMP-2,MMP-9,and Survivin. |
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