The Effect Of Orthodontic Treatment On Facial Soft Tissue In Adult

In recent years,more and more adult patients,especially female adult patients receiving orthodontic treatment,who have clear objectives,higher requirements during orthodontic treatment.They pay more attention on their facial appearance changes than younger patients in clinic,we often hear in this group complain about their thinner face,zygomatic bones,a series of problems of temple caved in and so on,these complaints even have become the confilict between doctor and patient.Eventully,there even has a special word called “bracket face”.Some authors believe that the facial soft tissue changes associated with aging factors,and the adult orthodontic treatment just in this time.But the soft tissue attenuation changes with 2 or 3 years are rarely reported.The study found that the skeletal aging for ten years is very limited.Therefore,the surface changes mainly depend on the changes of soft tissue.But the adult orthodontic treatment impacts on facial soft tissues researches are rarely reported.Therefore,“bracket face” is the real effect due to orthodontic or just patients' excessive attention still unknown.More and more orthodontists and patients pay attention on this problem,and there are some persons who are willing to correct their teeth concerned about “bracket face” appeared on their own,and this issue has become a lot of adults give orthodontic treatment from the original.There are many orthodontists combined with their clinical observation and experience,published some views of "bracket face" in micro-blog and We Chat and other public platforms.But these articles are based on clinical experience of doctors of their own,not from scientific experiments.Every one sticks to his argument behind,reflects people want to know how facial change when doing orthodontic treatment.With the advent of the era of digital orthodontics,the rapid development of 3D data acquisition and 3D measurement software,the measurement and research of craniofacial soft tissue has become popular in orthodontic treatment,foreign researchers through the application of 3D technology,get a preliminary conclusion in the changes of adolescent and nonextraction orthodontic treatment of maxillofacial soft tissue.But because of the difference of the Caucasian and the Mongolia race,the foreign researches are focused on the young people.While digital 3D acquisition equipment and three-dimensional soft tissue measurement started late in domestic and the development time is short,most studies still focused on the two-dimensional measurement.Based on these reasons,the domestic and foreign research on how adult facial soft tissue changes during orthodontic treatment period is lack of unified standards.So it's need further research.Based on the above reasons,this study attempts to use 3d MD stereophotography technology to get 52 adult female patients(nonextraction(28),extraction(24))facial scanning images in different stages of orthodontic period.Research the trends of adult soft tissue face changes in the process of orthodontic,observe the changes beginning time and compare the difference between extraction and nonextraction patients.In order to acquire adult facial soft tissue under natural conditions change over time,this research will randomly selected 61 students(male(28),female(33))who didn't undergo orthodontic treatment.Finially,compared orthodontic patients and nature female,analysis of differences in facial soft tissue changes in orthodontic patients and nature people.Hope this research can provide certain theory basis for the effect of orthodontic on adult face,provide some references for the clinic treatment,make better communication with patients and avoid some aesthetic risks on clinical.The research is divided into the following 4 parts:First:The effect of orthodontic treatment on facial soft tissue in nonextraction female adult patientsObjective: To observe the changes of facial soft tissue of adult female patients with nonextraction during orthodontic treatmentMethods: 28 adult female nonextraction patients from the FMMU oral hospital,Department of Orthodontics on April 2014,shooting face face 3d MD before treatment(T0),3 months after treatment(T1),6 months(T2),12 months(T3)and the end of orthodontic(T4).Using Geomagic Qualify software to analysis the images of each period,overlap the other period images to T0 period image,and divide the whole face into 22 symmetrical region(the right side of the 11 regional representatives),use the absolute color map observe the facial change direction and amount in different regions of the face and the whole region of the face.Conclusion: The whole region of facial soft tissue changed in negetative direction,the average amount reduced about 2mm;face different regions of infraorbital region(R1),zygomatic area(R2),zygomatic area(R3),beside the nose area(R4),on the buccal region(R5),zygomatic arch area(R6),on the mouth next district(R7),under the mouth next district(R8),buccal region(R9),mandibular angle(R10)and temporal region(R11)of each period has also undergone a negative change,the average reduced about 1mm,at the first 3 months of treatment the face has been reduced,compared to the 3 months,the other periods face decreased is not very large.Second: The effect of orthodontic treatment on the facial soft tissue in extraction female adult patients and the comparison of the changes of facial soft tissue between the nonextraction and the extractionObjective: To observe the change of facial soft tissue in extraction adult female patientsduring orthodontic treatment.And find the difference between the nonextraction group and extraction group.Methods: 24 adult female extraction patients from the FMMU oral hospital,Department of Orthodontics on April 2014,shooting face face 3d MD before treatment(T0),3 months after treatment(T1),6 months(T2),12 months(T3)and the end of orthodontic(T4).Using Geomagic Qualify software to analysis the images of each period,overlap the other period images to T0 period image,and divide the whole face into 22 symmetrical region(the right side of the 11 regional representatives),use the absolute color map observe the facial change direction and amount in different regions of the face and the whole region of the face.Compare the first research data and this research data on the same period to find the difference between the nonextraction group and extractiongroup.Conclusion: 1.The whole region of facial soft tissue changed in negetative direction,the average amount reduced about 2mm;face different regions of infraorbital region(R1),zygomatic area(R2),zygomatic area(R3),beside the nose area(R4),on the buccal region(R5),zygomatic arch area(R6),on the mouth next district(R7),under the mouth next district(R8),buccal region(R9),mandibular angle(R10)and temporal region(R11)of each period has also undergone a negative change,the average reduced about 1mm,at the first 3 months of treatment the face has been reduced,compared to the 3 months,the other periods face decreased is not very large.2.There is no difference between the nonextraction group and extraction group in facial soft tissue changes,no matter in the amount of the change or the time of the change appeared.The difference between the nonextraction group and extraction group in facial 11 district,there was only significant differences in T1-T0,T3-T0 and T4-T0 in the temporal region,the other 10 areas in the same period did not have significant difference.Temporal area depression in extraction group than nonextraction women about 0.3mm,difference the value is not great.Third: The preliminary study on the short-term changes of the facial soft tissue on the untreated male and femaleObjective: To observe the changes of facial soft tissue in adults under the condition of non-orthodontic,and to compare the differences between the male and female.Methods: 28 males(mean age 26.2 + 2.2 years)and 33 females(mean age 25.2 + 2.32 years)come from the FMMU during September 2014 to January 2017.Shooting facial image in the initial(T0),12 months(T1)and 24 months(T4)and repeat the former overlap method.The changes were observed in men and women in different periods of the face,while the comparison of men and women during the same period,to observe their facial changes over time whether there is a difference.Conclusion: 1.Within 12 months,the overall variation of male facial area was 0.06 mm,24 months overall male facial region change is 0.09 mm,this variation within the matching error of the system.There is no difference between the T2 and T1 male facial soft tissue change.2.Within 12 months,the overall variation of fmale facial area was 0.02 mm,24 months overall male facial region change is 0.05 mm,this variation within the matching error of the system.There is no difference between the T2 and T1 male facial soft tissue change.3.Other facial region change within 24 months are all within the allowed error of the system,we can draw a conclusion,in the 25 year old adults,in a short period of 2 years,the amount of change of facial soft tissue is limited,almost do not have obvious changes.At 12 months,there was no significant difference between male and female in the whole facial region and the change in different regions at 24 months.Fourth: Comparative study on the changes of facial soft tissue between the untreated female and the nonextraction and extraction groupObjective: To analyze the changes of soft tissue changes in different regions of the face of the orthodontic patients and the changes of the soft tissues of the face and the whole area of the natural population.Methods: Compare the initial extraction image,3 months after the treatment of the image,the end of the treatment image,the initial nonextraction image,3 months,the end of the treatment image and the untreated female initial image,12 months and 24 months.Conclusion: There was significant difference at 3 months after extraction and nonextraction orthodontic patients with facial soft tissue and the whole area change in different regions and untreated natural female 12 months orthodontic facial soft tissue change in different regions.The whole region and nonextraction and extraction in orthodontic patients with facial changes in facial changes at 3 months is larger than normal amount of orthodontic adult female 1 years.There was a difference of final stage extraction and nonextraction orthodontic patients with facial soft tissue and the whole area change in different regions and untreated natural female 24 months orthodontic facial soft tissue area and the overall change in different regions.The face changes of nonextraction and extraction in orthodontic patients in the final period is greater than the normal adult orthodontic female facial changes 2 years.