Study On Ecological Adaptability And Its Genetic Property Of Avena Sativa L.cv.I-D

Oat is kind of crop which could be used for food and forage,and its major goals of breeding is higher yield and stable production characteristic.Hybridization is an important technical to promote the oat germplasm innovation.The research of ecological adaptation and heredity of the oat offspring is the bases for the further breeding work after hybridization.This paper took the Avena sativa L.cv.I-D and its paternal A.sativa L.cv.Qinghai and maternal A.sativa L.cv.Qinghai No.444 as the objects,which were used for the adaptation analysis and discussion from the aspects of production,photosynthesis,stress resistance or avoidance,quality evaluation,heredity for the new variety registration and further application extension.The results as follows:The forage production of I-D was significant higher than its maternal Qinghai No.444 and the control Qingyin No.1 with no difference to its paternal Qinghai.The average hay yield of I-D in low,middle and high altitude was 9367.9 kg/hm2,10795.5 kg/hm2 and 14636.3 kg/hm2 respectively.The hay yield of I-D was 8.3%、 9.1%,30.0% higher compared with Qinghai No.444 and 36.3%,21.3%,47.5% higher compared with Qingyin No.1 among three different sites as mention above.The plant height,the third internode length,stem diameter,tiller and leaf number of the I-D was higher than its paternal Qinghai,the photosynthesis of flag leaf and the chlorophyll content was higher than its maternal Qinghai No.444 and the control Qingyin No.1.The protein content of hay and straw was 10% higher than its paternal Qinghai among the three different sites,and the relative feeding value was better than its parent.The seed yield of I-D was significant higher than its paternal Qinghai and the control Qingyin No.1 with no difference to its maternal Qinghai No.444.In the middle altitude site,the seed yield was 3997 kg/hm2.The stem diameter,thousand kernel weight,seed weight per inflorescence and the number of spikelet,single grain of the I-D were all better than its maternal Qinghai No.444.The content of starch was higher than its parent and the β-glucan higher than its paternal Qinghai in the seed of I-D.The trend of the performance of photosynthesis and production hay yield,quality,chlorophyll a,total chlorophyll content,carotenoid,chlorophyll a/b and stomatal conductance of the three materials in the different sites was high > middle > low altitude.The chlorophyll b,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration showed that low >middle >high altitude.The seed yield at the middle altitude site was higher than at the low altitude site.The content of starch,oleic acid,linoleic acid in seed were much higher in the middle altitude site,the crude protein content was higher in low altitude site.The forage yield,content of Chl a、Chl b、Chl and Car in flag leaf increased from booting stage to milk ripening stage,the characteristic of Pn、Gs and Tr increased early and decreased later,got the peak value at the heading stage,Ci decreased first and increased at the end,got the lowest value in the heading stage,Chla/b decreased during the growth stage.The lodging resistance of I-D was better than its parents.The results showed that there existed a significant and extremely significant relationship between lodging and plant height,center of gravity height,stem diameter,thickness of culm wall,length of internode.The second stem internode was the key part related to the lodging and the stalk rind penetration strength was an important index for the lodging evaluation.I-D inherited part of qualitative characteristics from its parents,its grain spindle,bending property of the spike base inherited from the paternal Qinghai and the seed color,cone inflorescence inherited from maternal Qinghai No.444.the karyotype of I-D is 3B,karyotype formula is 2n=6x=42=12m+ 30sm(4SAT),the index of karyotype asymmetric is 66.62%.The type of satellite chromosome was sm same with the parent,but the location changed.The similarity coefficient with maternal Qinghai No.444(0.66)is higher than paternal Qinghai(0.32).I-D is much closer to its maternal Qinghai No.444.The oat selection on the lodging resistance should focus on the plant height,center of gravity height,second stem internode thickness,culm wall thickness,the length of internode and stalk rind penetration strength.The focus of oat selection on the yield yield was put on the plant height,tiller and leaf number,leaf area,third stem internode length and the content of chlorophyll,the photosynthesis rate.The focus of oat selection on the seed yield should care about the number of spikelet,seed number per inflorescence,seed weight per inflorescence,thousand kernel weight.I-D was better in food and forage utilization compared with its parent,and adapted to the high altitude region among 2500m-3200 m.