| Through research of in wheat production Situation in Shanxi mixed sowing winter-spring wheat zone found that:soil nutrition is lower, compared with other mixed sowing winter-spring wheat zone, winter wheat varieties replacement is slow, a serious shortage of germplasm resources and low cold hardiness leading to winter wheat production is low and poor quality in the area.To solve the above problem, this paper carried out screening of winter wheat varieties, and research on its yield and grain quality of selected varieties from exogenous substances and soil fertility supply. In addition, in order to reveal high cold resistant cultivar "Northward One" of the molecular mechanisms, A forward cDNA library was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization on low stress related genesSpecific results are as follows:1. By Introduction Experiment show:among 1 cultivars introduced, there were 5 cultivars which were stable on yield in the areas, respectively were Shanong 129, Zhongmai 175, Chang 6878, Jingdong 17, and Chang 4738. Shanong 129 and Zhongmai 175 were stable on yield, in the top three of the cultivars tested, which showed they had stable yield. Based on analysis above, the proper sowing period should be in the days from 18th to 25th September in mixed sowing winter-spring wheat zone in Shanxi. With global warming, the proper sowing period of Shanong129 should be in the days from 25th to 30th September in mixed sowing winter-spring wheat zone in Shanxi. The sowing amount of 225 kg· hm-2 was the most proper because of the coordinated three elements making up with yield and the highest yield. In the condition of field, effect of fertilizer varieties and sowing amount interaction on the yield of Zhongmai 175 was analyzed. The treatment of 2500kg/667m2 of chicken manure+20kg/667m2of amine phosphorus compound fertilizer had the highest yield. The treatment of chicken manure and compound fertilizer,300 kg-hm"2 of sowing amount had the highest yield, seeds per ear and 1000-seed weight. In the condition of field, effect of Water-Fertilizer High Efficiency Use Technology on the yield of Shannong129 was analyzed. The pattern of low nitrogen and M4 irrigation had the most ear numbers, seeds per ear, and 1000-seed weight; and the three factors of yield were high and coordinated, so it had the highest yield (483kg/667m2). The pattern of middle nitrogen and M3 irrigation was the second one and the pattern of high nitrogen and M4 irrigation was the third.2. According to effect of winter wheat on yield and grain quality by Organic and inorganic fertilizer mixed apply:Protein content of Jingdong17 was the highest in the treatment of organic+nitrogen fertilizers, which was significantly higher than those of other treatments. Jingdong17 had the highest yield in the treatment of MNPK, Shannongl29 Component protein content were higher than other varieties, Variety and fertilizer were significantly associated with the processing quality of grain. Wet gluten and dry gluten content of the highest values appear in N fertilizer treatment. Show N treatment significantly increased the gluten content of wheat grain.3. According to effect of exogenous carbon supply on development of seeds in ear and quality, Shannong129 and Xindong21 had the highest starch contents, amylase and amylopectin contents in the treatments of 80S/8G of sucrose and glutamine. the contents were the highest in the treatments of 140S/14G. the protein contents of Shannong129 was higher than that of Xindong21.The change tendencies of albumin, globulin, and total protein were consistent,110S/11G和140S/11G处理含量大幅度下降。The contents of alcohol soluble protein and glutenin of Xindong21 and Shannongl29 showed the increasing trend at the range of 30S/2G-80S/8G, and declined largely in the treatments of 110S/11G and 140S/14G.4. According to physiological effect of exogenous hormones on quality form of seeds of Shannong129, dry weight of seeds of Shannong129 treated by ABA was obviously lower than that of control, it was ABA<control<zeatin. While protein order was ABA>control>zeatin. Exogenous ABA declined the activity of GS and GPT in flag leaf of Shannong129. Zeatin increased activity of GS, but declined the and GPT in flag leaf. The change of the activity of GS and GPT in seeds was different from those in flag leaf. Spike train 7d and 14d, abscisic acid treatment of GS and GPT activity then decreased, and zeatin treatment increased wheat grain GS and GPT activity.5. Research on the relation between change of internal tissue structures in cells of wheat by low temperature and cold resistance showed that according to change of tissue structure of leaf cells, at-20 ℃, Northward One had close array of cells, The higher the protuberance of nervation was, Zhongmai 175 and was Shannong129 the second one. Intercellular spaces of palisade tissues of Chang 6878 increased and had loose and disorderly spongy tissue, according to change of tissue structure of root cells, at-20 ℃, Northward One had complete cell structures and Shannong129 had loose ones. If root had close arrays of cells, small cells, small, thick, it would have strong cold resistance.6. By using the technology of suppression subtractive hybridization, positive subtractive cDNA library of Northward One under low temperature stress was constructed. Sequences of positive clone were measured,286 positive clones were selected randomly, and 269 valid sequences were obtained; 82 were obtained after EST cluster.63 EST homologous with known genes were obtained by BLAST. GO classification and KEGG showed that 63 genes were involved in 14 metabolic paths. Detection of expression patterns of 9 cold-resistant genes in Northward One and Shannong129 by qPCR found that all of the 9 genes displayed the tendency of increase of expression as decline of temperature. The ascending expression level of genes in Northward One was higher than that in Shannongl29. Cluster was conducted to expression of the 9 genes in root, shoot, leaf, and tillering node of Northward One by Expression Suite software found that Hsp27, Hsp70, Map, and Warbl7 had the same patterns which had higher expression in root and tillering. Tps had higher expression in root. Wcsl9 and Wcs120 had the same patterns which had higher expression in leaf. The expression of Wcor80 increased gradually from root, shoot, tillering node to leaf. The expression of Wcor719 was the highest in shoot and the lowest in root, and had no change in leaf and tillering node. It was surmised that 9 genes in the library played an important role in cold resistance of Northward One and could be the fundament of molecular research on cold resistance of Northward One. |
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