Study On Game Theory Of Reciprocity Cooperation On Transboundary Rivers

There are 276 transboundary rivers in the world,related to more than half of the total population and territory,account for 60% fresh water resources in the world.Transboundary river cooperation is an important aspect of global water security,and is of significant importance to regional peace and sustainable development,but most of these rivers are not cooperatively developed.Due to the complexity of water resources and benefits balance among sovereign states,the transboundary river cooperation and management is very different from that within a sovereign state.So innovations on the theory and mode of transboudary river cooperation are urgently needed in order to promote the water security level of the world.From the viewpoint of international law,this paper investigated the reason of scarcityof the cooperation agreements on transboundary rivers,proposed the Reciprocity Theory of Transboundary River Coopeartion,studied on the benefits allocation mechanism of Lancang-Mekong River basin water resources cooperation,which is of significance for both theory and practice of transboundary river water resources cooperation."Convention on the law of the non-navigational uses of international watercourses"(hereinafter referred to as "Watercourse Convention")is the most influential international law on transboundary river.The vote and ratification process of the "watercourse Convention" is a long and rough process,after 17 years,there are only 35 countries ratified this treaty,about 1/5 of UN member contries,at the same time without the engagement of the main transboundary river counties,such as China,U.S.A,Russia,India and Brazil which.The Net International Water(NIW)index was established,the complex geopolitical game situation which is reflected by the voting and ratification processes was quantitatively analysed,the tendency of “downstream support and upstream against” was revealed,and the fundamental cause was beliveved to be the lack of international consensus on the “two-way street harm between upstream and downstream”.This paper discovered that the "Watercourse Convention" lacks a clear elaboration of the reciprocity principle,and proposed an “explanatory” clause be added into the "watercourse Convention".Through case study,the transboundary river game situations of cooperation and non-coopeartion were analysed,the feasibility of appling Reciprocity Theory on resolving transboundary river cooperation problem was demonstreated,and the inevitability of reaching a balanced pathway and keeping cooperation in unlimited repeated game of transboundary river water resources was put forward.Under the guidance of the Reciprocity Theory,aiming at promote reciprocal transboundary river cooperation,the theoretical framework for the Reciprocity Theory of Transboundary River Coopeartion was established,which includes the reciprocity mechanism,the equality mechanism and the cooperation mechanism.Cooperative utilization and development in transboundary rivers will benefit the whole basin by increasing the total profits.Equal and reasonable benefits allocation mechanism is one important aspect for promoting cooperation.A cooperative game modelling framework was proposed,the Lancang-Mekong basin was taken as a typical case,and the water-energy-food cooperative game model was established under typical drought conditions.Water resources benefits like electricity generation and irrigation under various cooperation scenarios were calculated by hydrological model,hydropower plant regulation model and crop water production function model.Possible benefits allocation schemes were proposed based on practical data.