Research In Urban Space Yingzao Of Huanggang

At present, China is entering the middle stage of urbanization from the rapid urbanization stage. Its urban development has come to a vital turning point where a large population and tremendous wealth has brought unprecedented prosperity for material space and cities have become important products of space production. On the other hand, rapid urbanization has also caused a series of problems. For many times, space construction symbols have lost their function as an expression of characters of local ethnic groups and impression of history and culture. Instead, they have become commercial marks, which turn our life into a mode similar to the industrial assembly line. As a result, form and use value of urban space conflict, and various social relations form a right game network. Unbalanced game results in the embezzlement of history and culture by commercial space pursuing profits and the loss of "urban soul". Since current planning lacks a study on the historical significance and sociability of urban space evolution, takes delight in talking about planning urban blueprint, and pays little strong control and guidance to urban space development, urban development in many areas shows great "de-regionalism" and some planning personnel become technocrats.As a city in the middle reaches of Yangtze River featured by its culture and history, Huanggang is a capital city in east Hubei province and an important strategic pivot in the east of Wuhan metropolitan area. In terms of topographic features, Huanggang is characterized by "name of Dabie Mountain and place of five rivers"; in terms of history, it used to be among the most influential cities in the Jianghuai region and capitals in the Qin and Han Dynasty, a key military city during the Three Kingdoms period and Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and the political and cultural center in east Hubei in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty afterwards; in terms of ethnic groups and culture, Huanggang used to be an important exile place in history, making it a city with historical influences of many ethnic groups and different territory and cultural features from Jingzhou and Hanjiang. At present, however, the economy of Huanggang falls behind Huangshi and Ezhou. Internally, the city lacks cohesion and emissive power, and has lost its ethnic temperament and traditional humanity signals; externally, strength of the city can hardly live up to its location as the principal axis in the "Wuhan-Ezhou-Huanggang-Huangshi" development strategy and the eastern pivot of the "Big Cross" structure of Wuhan metropolitan area. Faced with the great changes of urban space form and complex factors, it’s urgent to conduct a fundamental study on the urban space construction of Huanggang.This text, based on this issue, is a case in a series of studies of my tutor on the space Yingzao in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Frame and style of the paper conforms to a uniform standard and its argument emphasizes empirical study and focuses on fundamental study of features of individual cases. Argument process mainly contain two lines:the first is to start with the historical context of the evolution of Huanggang’s urban form and conduct empirical study on the spatial features of the point, line, area and body of the urban space construction of Huanggang; the second is to study the specific scene of urban space evolution, including social, economic and cultural background as well as influence of the discrepancy between different social classes on urban development. The purpose is to put Huanggang in the "history-space-society" research framework, disclose the ethnic temperament, cultural characteristics, dynamic mechanism, and influencing factors for the evolution of its urban space form and conclude the discipline for its urban space development so as to predict and guide future planning and development of the city.This paper consists of10chapters. The chapter One introduces research background and theoretical study. Chapter Two to Eight, main body of the paper, divide Huanggang from the perspective of history into seven stages, namely before the Warring States Period, before the Tang Dynasty, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty (before1859), port opening period of the late Qing Dynasty (1859to1919), the Republic of China period (1919to1949), the planned economy period (1949to1979), the transformation period and the socialist market economy period (1979to2009), and respectively conduct textual research and study on the individuality, temperament, construction process and social-cultural background of urban space in different periods. Chapter Nine analyzes the factors, dynamic mechanism and evolution track of the urban space of Huanggang by theoretical conclusion and the map evolution method. Chapter10studies the present problems with Huanggang’s urban development, and analyzes and predicts future trends of its urban space by making use of the discipline of space construction. We find through study that the original geographic features and Dongpo culture is the principal stream running through local ethnic groups and urban development in ancient times. Geographic conditions have a great restrictive effect on the settlement and urban development of Huanggang which spread from the Dabie Mountain area in the east to the plain and lake regions of Yangtze River in the west and from the upper reaches to middle and down reaches of the city to reach the Red Cliff area finally, laying a foundation for the present urban development and developing from the mononuclear cohesive type to the axis expanded type during the reform and opening up period. Due to a lack of good dikes and ports, large-scale cities has never emerged in this region and commerce can hardly become the main driving force for urban development, while politics and military affairs have been playing an important role in the formation of the right network. Before and during the Qin and Han Dynasty, Huanggang used to be one of the central cities in the Jianghuai area owing to the existence of different kingdoms. After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Huanggang rapidly declined to become a pillbox-type city bearing military functions due to its location at the boundary of Northern and Southern ethnic groups and its theme of war and exile. Although still the center of east Hubei, it was just seen as a political center. In this period, there occurred the "12entry and2exit" migration of ethnic group. Different cultures and customs collided and integrated here, mainly including the elegance of Zou Lu, valiance of Hajin and forgiveness of dhyana sect, jointly forming the Confucian and Zen background of Huanggang featured by prosperous style of writing despite poverty and backwardness. After Su Shi, owing to the prominence of "two odes and one ditty", the Confucian and Zen culture further developed into the Dongpo culture, a special imprinting through the daily life and urban construction of Huanggang, making the city a renowned tourist city nationwide where "dragon and phoenix stay". After the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, the completion of Qihuang Main Dike totally changed the geographic situation of Huangzhou, triggered great changes of the city, promoted development of port transportation to a certain degree, and improved agricultural and business conditions of Huanggang. After founding of the People’s Republic of China, following the authoritative political structure period and the transformative socialist market economy period, Huanggang has enjoyed raid development, but owing to transportation, the main restrictive factor, its urban development falls far behind Huangshi and Ezhou on the other side of the Yangtze River. With the implementation of Wuhan Newport Plan and construction of intercity express rail of the "one plus eight" city circle, transportation predicament of Huanggang hanging over for thousands of years will be eliminated. If it’s possible to inherit and carry forward the essence of "Dongpo Culture", a "harmonious" Huanggang is sure to emerge.