| Pollution governance is not only a key component of the National Ecological Program but also an important part of global environment protection.Among environmental problems we faced nowadays,marine pollution is the most prominent representative.It is now widely recognized that marine pollution is more and more serious.Marine pollutions usually show up as a trans-regional phenomenon and its governance often performs as a multi-agent action.Thus,coordinating the relationships among regions and agents are key issues to the governance of marine pollution.To coordinate these relationships among regions and agents,the logic among countries,regions and agents is first analyzed in this paper.In the analysis,trans-regional marine pollution governances are divided into three groups,there are trans-district governance(including trans-administrative hierarchy controlss and trans-department controls),trans-marine functional area governance(including controls across marine and land,trans-economic function zone controls,trans-interest group controls),and cross-border governance.Although trans-district governance,trans-marine functional area governance,and cross-border governance are facing different obstacles,the fundamental cause of these obstacles is the same,that are conflicts among multi-interest groups,especially the conflicts among government,market and the public.To find the key issues in each kind of governance,the interest of each group and their relationships are analyzed in depth.The result shows that,for the trans-district governance,we should pay more attention on coordinating the relationship between the above and the lower level governments,and also the relationship among governments at the same level.For the trans-marine functional area governance,attentions should be more focused on the overall marine environmental quality in the particular marine functional area.For the cross-border governance,the top one task is the international cooperation.Based on the theoretical analysis,this research selects the East China Sea as study area.Exploratory analysis and systemic analysis are employed to reveal constrains of marine pollution governance as well as their functional effects.Based on these analysis,several marine pollution governance models and suggestions are concluded.This article uses the governance theory and the international law two angles of study to carry on the analysis.The governance theory is employed to propose governance approaches according to different scenarios theoretically.Based on the theoretical analysis,the existing marine pollution control system was evaluated and some specific recommendations was given in the view of International Law.The comprehensive governance theory which integrates governance fragmentation into the overall governance framework and form a "meta governance system" by government authority is applied to China's cross administrative division and cross marine functional areas as well as the "sea region" governance defined by United Nations.It shows that a "strong government" requires each administrative region to establish a comprehensive governance mechanism of mutual cooperation,encourage enterprises and non-governmental organizations to involve in environmental governance,and expand private participation.It is necessary to strengthen domestic legislation to make marine pollution governance as legal responsibility and obligation,and establish an information platform to make ocean governance mechanism more standardized and transparent.However,marine pollution cross countries and UN's "sea area" requires restriction of multiple power systems.After analyzing China's participating in "sea area" at Northwest Pacific,an integrated governance theory in which the interests gaming among stakeholders is considered is proposed.By strengthening international cooperation and establishing international and domestic marine environment fund,it is useful to motivate the initiative of multiple power systems to control cross-regional marine pollution. |
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