| In recent decades since the reform and opening up, the social economy has been developing rapidly. At the same time, problems such as the greenhouse effect, air pollution, energy shortages have come into existence. Especially under the pressure of the international community, stress on energy saving has been steadily on the increase. President Hu Jintao made commitment to the United Nations General Assembly convened in2009:China will reduce energy intensity by40%-45%in2020and will vigorously promote the use of renewable energy. The Outline of the People’s Republic of China’s12th Five-Year Plan of the National Economy and Social Development puts forward that non-fossil energy share of primary energy consumption will be increased to11.4%, the unit GDP energy consumption will be decreased by16%, carbon dioxide emissions by17%, and the total discharge of major pollutants will be reduced by8%-10%by2015.Based on the potential and characteristics of domestic and international geothermal resource, this paper analyzed methods of geothermal development and utilization, used advanced technology and experiences abroad, theoretically analysed the economic evaluation index system and methods of heat energy development and utilization from the economic evaluation of typical regional projects, and finally provided case studies and reference for the construction of the National Geothermal Economic Evaluation System and Methods.Seventy or eighty’s of last century, under the leadership of the Ministry of Geology and mineral, China carried out the research work for geothermal resources assessment and development, completed the survey of more than20provinces and cities, and selected key areas of geothermal resources exploration. But the degree of exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources in China is generally low, lack of economic evaluation of exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources system. This paper in a large number of existing data collection based on the research results, the economic evaluation of the development and utilization of geothermal resources in our country city geothermal, purpose is to grasp the development and utilization of geothermal resources distribution situation of our country, analyze the economic benefit, provide reference for future geothermal resources exploration and development, to provide decision-making basis for the development of geothermal energy structure adjustment energy.This paper collected geothermal resource literature materials and relevant academic materials in the university library and network libraries, sorted out the materials, looked for gaps and vulnerabilities in the geothermal field, and grasped the latest industry developments. At the same time, through discussion and communication with experts in the field, field research to explore problems and bottlenecks faced by the geothermal industry, this paper conducted comparative study with the advanced experience of foreign geothermal development and explored the effects of economic evaluation to the geothermal industry. This paper selected the geothermal projects in Xianyang and XiongXian for typical cases. Based on basic principles of economic evaluation, this paper used qualitative and quanitative analysis, microscopic and macroscopic analysis research methods, and closely combined present situation of the geothermal resources and geothermal industry, the government guidance and sustainable development, established corresponding economic evaluation methods, and conducted economic evaluation of geothermal heating projects.Based on the theoretical analysis as the foundation and the empirical analysis for verification, the research is divided into9parts. The main contents are as follows:Chapter1Introduction.This chapter introduces the research background and significance, theoretical basis, research ideas and the innovation of this paper. In the current development of renewable energy, alternative to traditional fossil energy is to achieve energy-saving emission reduction, alleviate the pressure of energy sources, an important way to protect the ecological environment. In order to achieve China’s energy-saving emission reduction targets, change the energy structure, and actively promote the exploration and development of geothermal industry. However, our country’s geothermal development needs intensive goal to scale. In the process of development and utilization of geothermal resources, often only pay attention to natural resources and technology level, for the economic evaluation can play in the geothermal project function, lack of due attention. In this paper, using the methods of financial evaluation, economic benefit analysis of geothermal development, and for the case of project analysis.Chapter2The estimation of Chinese geothermal resources distribution and resources reserves. This chapter introduces the types, the distribution pattern and characteristics of geothermal resource in China and provides national estimates data of the geothermal resource.This chapter is divided in the types of resources and reserves evaluation, the resources corresponding evaluation on geothermal resources, provides the first material basis for the development and utilization of geothermal resources.Chapter3Analysis of China’s current situation and prospect of development and utilization of geothermal resources. This chapter includes the present situation of our country, geothermal resources market geothermal industrialization, geothermal heating, geothermal power status, current situation of the direct use of geothermal energy status and existing problems and future trend analysis. Since the eighty’s of last century, China has gradually from the planned economy began to transition to a market economy, some enterprises began to set foot in the geothermal development, especially in the area of geothermal resources better, investment to promote the industrialization development of geothermal energy. Geothermal industry begun to take shape in the early twenty-first Century, in recent years has been rapid development. At present our country geothermal heating has a total area of about20000000m2. The exploitation of geothermal resources of Tianjin city in2004has reached24680000m3, geothermal heating area of9400000m2, accounted for50%of the total area of geothermal heating; Beijing since1975the use of geothermal heating, geothermal water temperature up to53.8℃, water volume90m3/h; using40m Liaoning geothermal exploitation of geothermal water indoor heating, geothermal average temperature of78℃, water heating supply30t/h,1048m2building, when the winter outdoor temperature reached minus-20degrees, the indoor temperature can be maintained at20-25℃.In our country is rich in geothermal resources of the area, using geothermal heating has been achieved good results. For example in Liaoning wave, using geothermal heating annual cost savings of about150000yuan.At present, our country is to develop and utilize the heat energy from policy, technology, market and capital restriction and influence of various conditions. The development process of a series of problems still exist. But through the joint efforts of governments and enterprises and scientific research units, will usher in a bright future for the development of geothermal energy.Chapter4The analysis of foreign policy and experience of development and utilization of geothermal resources. This chapter introduces the main geothermal industry policies in foreign countries, summarizes the characteristics of foreign geothermal industry policy, introduced the status of development and utilization of geothermal industry abroad, and analyzes the significance of the geothermal industry policy in China. The country is rich in geothermal resources of foreign utilization of geothermal resources of long history in China, the development and utilization of advanced and systematic way, and some have formed the system utilization system. Iceland, Japan and other countries of the geothermal energy utilization has occupied a larger proportion in national energy structure. In addition, the development and utilization of geothermal energy policies in foreign countries are more perfect and sound.Human use of geothermal engaged in commercial development and utilization of more than100years. By the end of1997,46countries around the world have started to use geothermal resources, global geothermal power was44TWh/a, the direct use of geothermal is38TWh/a. It is expected that by2020, global geothermal power generation capacity will reach318TWh, the direct use of will reach140TWh. In particular the use of geothermal heat pump technology for geothermal energy, provides a broader space for development and utilization, the use of heat pump technology, can be7-12℃groundwater as a heat source to use, largely to resolve the distribution of geothermal resources in congenital restricting limitations.At present, in the energy structure, with the exception of a few countries, geothermal energy status can be said to be very little, even with solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and other new energy, also is in the initial stage of development. But if the solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy are compared, it would be found, geothermal is a very effective source of development and utilization.Chapter5Analysis of technical and economic evaluation of geothermal resources of hydrothermal type. Our application for hydrothermal type geothermal resources, focus on heating and hot spring bath-in the project. In this chapter, firstly analyzes the evaluation of geothermal economy in China based on the theory, introduces the financial evaluation and geothermal project economic evaluation method. The method of construction of geothermal energy resources in economic evaluation, index system and parameter system. Taking Xiong xian, Xianyang as examples, to analysis the economic benefits of using geothermal heating. Taking Dongying as an example, to analysis the mode of heating and other evaluation and utilization of geothermal economic.Chapter6Analysis of technical and economic evaluation and case of shallow geothermal energy. Development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy, generally divided into ground source heat pump, water source heat pump, air source heat pump and ground source heat pump technology. At present our application of the ground-source heat pump technology is relatively common, economic evaluation and analysis of this chapter choose ground-source heat pump geothermal resources development, established the economic evaluation method of index system, and the project involves the national economic evaluation analysis. Taking Shenyang and Wuhan project as examples, analysis of the specific project of geothermal heating in the use of ground source heat pump, economic benefits.Chapter7Analysis of economic evaluation and case of geothermal resources in other applications. In China, the utilization of geothermal resources is very extensive, including power generation, hot spring bath, agricultural and industrial use, in this chapter, analysis and utilization of geothermal resources in the economic benefits, in order to adapt to the different modes of development and utilization, the economic evaluation of the method of index, the corresponding adjustment. Select Yangzhou as the case to the comprehensive benefit evaluation.Chapter8The suggestions about China’s geothermal’s future. At present the development of geothermal industry of our country exists generally low level of geothermal resources exploration; resource family property is unclear; to use hot water (gas) instead of focusing on the utilization of heat energy; the lack of development and utilization planning unified; deep development of high risk, mining depth, utilization degree is low; lack of a unified national regulations, management system is not perfect, there are many management problems. The effects of rapid development of geothermal development and utilization to a certain extent, the need to provide policy support by the government, perfect the technology to provide security, relying on the market as the leading, access to scientific team support to solve the problems at present.Capter9Conclusion. Through the study of this article:geothermal energy utilization project economic evaluation is based on the regional division and calculation of the amount of resources. According to the partition and calculation results, in combination with the local actual situation, combined with the engineering economics design project suitable for geothermal energy development and utilization. To calculate the economic benefits of geothermal energy projects, introduction to national policy, academic research, especially to provide reference for enterprise investment.The innovation of this paper is mainly manifested in the following aspects:1, the shallow geothermal, narrow hydrothermal type ground temperature, hot dry rock resources reserves potential classification estimation, the hydrothermal type geothermal resources are in accordance with the sedimentary basin and uplift of mountains were estimated. Outline of the proposed our country general reserves total potential energy.2, the paper puts forward clearly, evaluation of geothermal commonly used standard coal conversion index and carbon dioxide emission reduction targets, suitable for geothermal resources economic evaluation, is the development and utilization of geothermal mainly based on macro decision. In the decision of national economic evaluation of micro economic evaluation of geothermal development projects and projects, can be used as a reference index. Geothermal development project micro economic evaluation for investment returns evaluation index, profit is the main basis of the investment decision of geothermal development projects. To clarify the geothermal technology evaluation, economic evaluation, economic evaluation and macro, micro economic evaluation mixed used repeatedly, the technical and economic evaluation of geothermal to more scientific, more accurate, and an important step. Innovative, has important application value.3, according to the hot geothermal water and shallow geothermal energy classification, respectively, selected representative case, system of project economic evaluation on development and utilization of the system was established and applied to different types of geothermal resources. To some extent, improve the geothermal development and utilization project economic evaluation theory and methods, to provide reference for government decision-making, policy research and market investment. |
