Evolution Of Specialization And Metropolitan Form

With the greater pace of global economic development, city competition became an important part of national comprehensive competitiveness. Competition between cites gradually developed from competition between single cities to competition between city regions be centered on core city, metropolitan economy cored on big city became global trend of city-region development mode and space combination style, the competition also became an important symbol to measure social economic development level for a nation or region. Construction of metropolitan area in China started recently and rapidly, metropolitan area was recognized as the trend that complied with the development of international urbanization. The most effective mode integrated regional resources was ascended to be the strategy of national urbanization in China.However, problems during construction of metropolitan area in China appeared which departure from laws of economics. Metropolitan areas in China became the concept for speculation on capital market. The problems contained as follows:lacking of core city stimulation, similar industrial structure, irrational division system, protection on local economy, lack of cooperation system, incorrect city location, spareness of function division and complimentary system, etc. To solve the problems and to ensure the constant and healthy development of metropolitan areas, the inner mechanism and propulsion power for the development of metropolitan area should be made clear.The paper considers that professional division was the essential power for the formation and development of metropolitan area, agglomeration economy was the spatial organization or spatial formation for professional division, professional division and agglomeration economy became mutual promotion. Agglomeration on the basis of professional division was the core of industrial spatial contracture formation in metropolitan areas. Taking this as the main thread, the paper analyzed the inner logic and mechanism from industrial division to spatial division as well as from metropolitan industrial division to function division. The paper discussed the evolution process from single centered metropolitan area to multi-centered metropolitan area and to metropolis region. Aimed at finding the endogenetic impetus on the formation of metropolitan area through rigorous logical reasoning, and unveiled the key factor and function mechanism. In the latest part of the paper, combined with the practical experience in China, the paper analyzed the reason why metropolis region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Province was lacking behind Yangtze river delta metropolitan area and Pearl delta metropolitan area in economic power. The reason was the lower level of metropolitan division and the higher transaction cost within the area. Therefore, the paper considered that Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province was hard to be called as one metropolitan area, and conditions on single centered Beijing metropolitan area was mature, besides, market directed, principle implementation, advantage encouraging and orderly propulsion was the correct attitude towards Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Province metropolis region.